Sticht Center on Aging, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, North Carolina, USA.
Am J Hypertens. 2010 May;23(5):528-33. doi: 10.1038/ajh.2010.14. Epub 2010 Feb 18.
Accumulating evidence suggests that Ginkgo biloba is cardioprotective, in part, through its vasodilatory and antihypertensive properties. However, definitive data on its blood pressure (BP)-lowering effects in humans is lacking.
We determined the effects of G. biloba extract (240 mg/day) on BP and incident hypertension in 3,069 participants (mean age, 79 years; 46% female; 96% white) from the Ginkgo Evaluation of Memory (GEM) study. We also examined whether the treatment effects are modified by baseline hypertension status.
At baseline, 54% of the study participants were hypertensive, 28% were prehypertensive, and 17% were normotensive. Over a median follow-up of 6.1 years, there were similar changes in BP and pulse pressure (PP) in the G. biloba and placebo groups. Although baseline hypertension status did not modify the antihypertensive effects of G. biloba, it did influence the changes in BP variables observed during follow-up, with decreases in hypertensives, increases in normotensives, and no changes in prehypertensives. Among participants who were not on antihypertensive medications at baseline, there was no difference between treatment groups in medication use over time, as the odds ratio (95% confidence interval (CI)) for being a never-user in the G. biloba group was 0.75 (0.48-1.16). The rate of incident hypertension also did not differ between participants assigned to G. biloba vs. placebo (hazard ratio (HR), 0.99, 95% CI, 0.84-1.15).
Our data indicate that G. biloba does not reduce BP or the incidence of hypertension in elderly men and women.
越来越多的证据表明，银杏叶具有心脏保护作用，部分原因是其具有血管扩张和降压作用。然而，关于其在人体中降低血压的效果的明确数据仍缺乏。
我们在银杏叶评估记忆（GEM）研究中，确定了银杏叶提取物（240 毫克/天）对 3069 名参与者（平均年龄 79 岁；46%为女性；96%为白人）的血压（BP）和高血压发病的影响。我们还检查了治疗效果是否受到基线高血压状态的影响。
在基线时，研究参与者中有 54%患有高血压，28%患有前期高血压，17%为正常血压。在中位数为 6.1 年的随访期间，银杏叶组和安慰剂组的 BP 和脉压（PP）变化相似。虽然基线高血压状态并未改变银杏叶的降压效果，但它确实影响了随访期间观察到的 BP 变量的变化，高血压患者的 BP 下降，正常血压患者的 BP 升高，前期高血压患者的 BP 无变化。在基线时未服用抗高血压药物的参与者中，治疗组之间在用药方面没有差异，因为银杏叶组从未使用者的比值比（95%置信区间（CI））为 0.75（0.48-1.16）。与安慰剂组相比，分配到银杏叶组的参与者的高血压发病风险也没有差异（风险比（HR），0.99，95%CI，0.84-1.15）。
我们的数据表明，银杏叶不会降低老年男性和女性的 BP 或高血压的发病率。
