Division of Membrane Physiology, Department of Cell Physiology, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan.
Nat Rev Neurosci. 2010 Mar;11(3):161-75. doi: 10.1038/nrn2788.
Protein palmitoylation, a classical and common lipid modification, regulates diverse aspects of neuronal protein trafficking and function. The reversible nature of palmitoylation provides a potential general mechanism for protein shuttling between intracellular compartments. The recent discovery of palmitoylating enzymes--a large DHHC (Asp-His-His-Cys) protein family--and the development of new proteomic and imaging methods have accelerated palmitoylation analysis. It is becoming clear that individual DHHC enzymes generate and maintain the specialized compartmentalization of substrates in polarized neurons. Here, we discuss the regulatory mechanisms for dynamic protein palmitoylation and the emerging roles of protein palmitoylation in various aspects of pathophysiology, including neuronal development and synaptic plasticity.
蛋白质棕榈酰化是一种经典且常见的脂质修饰，调节神经元蛋白运输和功能的多个方面。棕榈酰化的可逆性为蛋白质在细胞内隔室之间穿梭提供了一种潜在的通用机制。最近发现的棕榈酰化酶——一个庞大的 DHHC（天冬氨酸-组氨酸-组氨酸-半胱氨酸）蛋白家族——以及新的蛋白质组学和成像方法的发展，加速了棕榈酰化分析。越来越清楚的是，个别 DHHC 酶在极化神经元中产生和维持底物的特化区室化。在这里，我们讨论了动态蛋白质棕榈酰化的调节机制以及蛋白质棕榈酰化在病理生理学各个方面的新兴作用，包括神经元发育和突触可塑性。
