Botany Department, Field Museum, 1400 S. Lake Shore Dr, Chicago, IL 60605, U.S.A.
Stud Mycol. 2009;64:103-121S4. doi: 10.3114/sim.2009.64.05.
The classification of Pleosporales has posed major challenges due to the lack of clear understanding of the importance of the morphological characters used to distinguish between different groups in the order. This has resulted in varied taxonomic treatments of many families in the group including Melanommataceae and Lophiostomataceae. In this study we employ two nuclear DNA gene markers, nuclear ribosomal large subunit DNA and translation elongation factor 1-alpha in order to examine the molecular phylogenetics of Pleosporales with strong emphasis on the families Melanommataceae and Lophiostomataceae. Phylogenetic analyses recovered Melanommataceae, Lophiostomataceae, Hypsostromataceae, and a few others as strongly supported clades within the Pleosporales. Melanommataceae as currently circumscribed was found to be polyphyletic. The genera Byssosphaeria, Melanomma, and Pseudotrichia were recovered within the family, while others such as Ostropella and Xenolophium nested outside in a weakly supported group along with Platystomum compressum and Pseudotrichia guatopoensis that may correspond to the family Platystomaceae. The genus Byssosphaeria was recovered as a strongly supported group within the Melanommataceae while Melanomma was weakly supported with unclear relationships among the species. The genera Herpotrichia and Bertiella were also found to belong in the Melanommataceae. Lophiostomataceae occurs as a strongly supported group but its concept is here expanded to include a new genus Misturatosphaeria that bears morphology traditionally not known to occur in the family. The strongly supported clade of Misturatosphaeria contains nine species that have gregarious, papillate ascomata with lighter coloured apices and plugged ostioles and that vary in ascospore morphology from 1- to 3-septate to muriform. Along with a strongly supported Lophiostoma clade, also within the family are Thyridaria macrostomoides based on new sequences from Kenyan collections and Massariosphaeria triseptata, M. grandispora, Westerdykella cylindrica and Preussia terricola based on GenBank sequences. The family Hypsostromataceae was recovered as a strongly supported monophyletic group nested within the Pleosporales.
由于缺乏对区分目内不同类群形态特征重要性的清晰认识，导致 Pleosporales 的分类一直存在较大挑战。这导致该目中许多科的分类处理方式各不相同，包括 Melanommataceae 和 Lophiostomataceae。在这项研究中，我们采用了两个核 DNA 基因标记，即核核糖体大亚基 DNA 和翻译延伸因子 1-α，以研究 Pleosporales 的分子系统发育，重点关注 Melanommataceae 和 Lophiostomataceae 两个科。系统发育分析结果表明，Melanommataceae、Lophiostomataceae、Hypsostromataceae 和其他几个科在 Pleosporales 中形成了强有力的支持分支。按目前的定义，Melanommataceae 是多系的。在该科中发现了 Byssosphaeria、Melanomma 和 Pseudotrichia 等属，而其他属，如 Ostropella 和 Xenolophium，则与 Platystomum compressum 和 Pseudotrichia guatopoensis 一起嵌套在一个支持较弱的群体中，这些属可能对应于 Platystomaceae 科。Byssosphaeria 属在 Melanommataceae 中被强烈支持，而 Melanomma 属的支持较弱，其种间关系不明确。Herpotrichia 和 Bertiella 属也被发现属于 Melanommataceae。Lophiostomataceae 作为一个强有力的支持分支出现，但它的概念在这里被扩展到包括一个新的属 Misturatosphaeria，该属具有传统上不被认为存在于该科的形态。强烈支持的 Misturatosphaeria 属包含九个种，其具有群居、乳头状的子囊壳，顶端颜色较浅，孔口堵塞，其分生孢子形态从 1-3 隔到多隔不等。与强烈支持的 Lophiostoma 分支一起，该科还包括基于肯尼亚采集物的新序列的 Thyridaria macrostomoides，以及基于 GenBank 序列的 Massariosphaeria triseptata、M. grandispora、Westerdykella cylindrica 和 Preussia terricola。Hypsostromataceae 科被强烈支持为一个单系的分支，嵌套在 Pleosporales 中。
