Servicio de Parasitología, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Ctra. Majadahonda-Pozuelo s/n, 28220, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain.
Acta Trop. 2010 Jul-Aug;115(1-2):95-102. doi: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2010.02.009. Epub 2010 Feb 18.
This paper reports on an entomological survey performed over the period 2006-2008 in Central Spain (mainly in the Madrid province) where canine leishmaniosis (CanL) is endemic. The study area was selected on the grounds of its wide altitude range, which determines both broad climate and vegetation ranges that could affect sand fly distributions. This area was surveyed from NE to SW across its mountain range (Sistema Central) and plateau area using sticky traps mainly on embankments. In 2006 and 2007, 123 sites were sampled (9557 sand flies captured) to establish possible relations between environmental or meteorological factors and vector densities (Phlebotomus perniciosus and Phlebotomus ariasi). The factors correlated with higher vector densities were: a sample site between villages or at the edge of a village, the lack of a paved road, a rural habitat, an east or south-facing wall or wall sheltered from the wind, the presence of livestock or birds, a holm-oak wood vegetation, a lower summer mean temperature and lower annual mean precipitation. This study was followed by a seasonal survey conducted at 16 selected sites (14,353 sand flies) sampled them monthly from May to November 2008. P. perniciosus showed a diphasic seasonal trend with two abundance peaks in July and September whereas P. ariasi showed a monophasic trend with one peak in August. Comparing with data from studies performed in 1991 in the same area, vector densities are significantly higher. A possible explanation for this is that the vectors (mainly P. ariasi) are moving towards higher altitudes perhaps because of global change. This increasing trend could have an impact on CanL and its geographical distribution.
本文报告了 2006 年至 2008 年期间在西班牙中部（主要在马德里省）进行的昆虫学调查结果，该地区犬利什曼病（CanL）流行。选择该研究区域的原因是其海拔范围广泛，决定了广泛的气候和植被范围，这可能会影响沙蝇的分布。该区域从东北向西南横跨其山脉（中央山脉）和高原地区进行调查，主要使用粘性陷阱在堤岸上进行采样。2006 年和 2007 年，共采样了 123 个地点（捕获了 9557 只沙蝇），以确定环境或气象因素与媒介密度（珀氏无瓣蝇和阿氏无瓣蝇）之间的可能关系。与较高媒介密度相关的因素包括：位于村庄之间或村庄边缘的采样点、没有铺砌的道路、农村栖息地、朝东或朝南的墙壁或避风的墙壁、存在牲畜或鸟类、旱榆木植被、较低的夏季平均温度和较低的年平均降水量。本研究之后，于 2008 年 5 月至 11 月期间每月在 16 个选定地点（14353 只沙蝇）进行了季节性调查。珀氏无瓣蝇呈双相季节性趋势，7 月和 9 月有两个高峰期，而阿氏无瓣蝇呈单相趋势，8 月有一个高峰期。与 1991 年在同一地区进行的研究数据相比，媒介密度显著更高。对此的一种可能解释是，由于全球变化，媒介（主要是阿氏无瓣蝇）正在向更高的海拔移动。这种上升趋势可能对 CanL 及其地理分布产生影响。
