Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis 95616, USA.
J Dairy Sci. 2010 Mar;93(3):1059-64. doi: 10.3168/jds.2009-2797.
Environmental stressors, such as high fly density, can affect calf well-being. Sodium bisulfate (SBS) is an acidifier that reduces the pH of flooring and bedding, creating a medium that neither bacteria nor immature flies (also known as larvae or maggots) can thrive in. Two experiments were conducted to investigate the application of SBS to a mixture of rice hull calf bedding and calf slurry (BED) to reduce house fly (Musca domestica L.) larval density and the abundance of bacteria. In experiment 1, dish pans containing 1L of BED and 3,000 house fly eggs were treated with SBS at concentrations of 0, 8.9, 17.7, and 26.5g of SBS/0.05m(2) of BED (CON, LOW, MED, and HIGH, respectively), with each SBS concentration applied to 4 individual pans (16 pans total). Reapplication of the same SBS concentrations in each pan occurred 3 times/wk throughout the 23-d trial. Larval house fly survival was significantly reduced in all pans with SBS relative to CON pans, with lowest survival rates in the MED and HIGH pans (99% and 100% reduction, respectively). The mean pH for each treatment was inversely related to the SBS concentration. In experiment 2, pans containing 1L of BED and 3,000 house fly eggs were treated with either 0g of SBS (CON), 8.9g of SBS/0.05m(2) of BED with reapplication of the acidifier 3 times/wk (SB3x), or 8.9g of SBS/0.05m(2) of BED applied only once at 48h before the end of the 8 d-trial (SB48). Larval house fly survival and bacterial concentrations were reduced (90% larval reduction and 68% bacterial reduction) in the SB3x treatment relative to the CON. Mean pH was also reduced in SB3x pans relative to CON or SB48 pans. Overall, acidification of calf BED using the acidifier SBS resulted in a reduction of bacteria and house fly larval survival. This form of fly control might be expected to reduce adult fly production and, therefore, fly-related stress in calves.
环境压力源，如高密度的苍蝇，会影响牛犊的健康。硫酸氢钠（SBS）是一种酸化剂，可降低地板和床上用品的 pH 值，创造一种既不利于细菌生长也不利于未成熟苍蝇（也称为幼虫或蛆）生长的环境。进行了两项实验，以研究将 SBS 应用于稻壳牛犊垫料和牛犊粪便（BED）混合物中，以减少家蝇（Musca domestica L.）幼虫密度和细菌数量。在实验 1 中，将包含 1L 的 BED 和 3000 个家蝇卵的菜盘用 SBS 处理，浓度分别为 0、8.9、17.7 和 26.5g 的 SBS/0.05m(2) 的 BED（分别为 CON、LOW、MED 和 HIGH），每个 SBS 浓度应用于 4 个单独的盘子（共 16 个盘子）。在 23 天的试验中，每周对每个盘子中的相同 SBS 浓度进行 3 次重新应用。与 CON 盘子相比，所有含有 SBS 的盘子中的家蝇幼虫存活率均显著降低，MED 和 HIGH 盘子中的存活率最低（分别降低 99%和 100%）。每个处理的平均 pH 值与 SBS 浓度呈反比。在实验 2 中，将含有 1L 的 BED 和 3000 个家蝇卵的菜盘用 0g 的 SBS（CON）、8.9g 的 SBS/0.05m(2) 的 BED 并用酸化剂每周 3 次重新应用（SB3x）或 8.9g 的 SBS/0.05m(2) 的 BED 仅在 8 天试验结束前的 48 小时应用一次（SB48）处理。与 CON 相比，SB3x 处理中的家蝇幼虫存活率和细菌浓度均降低（幼虫减少 90%，细菌减少 68%）。SB3x 盘子中的平均 pH 值也低于 CON 或 SB48 盘子。总的来说，使用酸化剂 SBS 酸化牛犊 BED 可减少细菌和家蝇幼虫的存活率。这种形式的蝇类控制有望减少成虫的产生，从而减少牛犊的蝇类相关应激。
