Department of Medical Technology, Kobe Tokiwa University, 2-6-2 Ohtani-cho, Nagata-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 653-0838, Japan.
Neurodegener Dis. 2010;7(1-3):64-7. doi: 10.1159/000285508. Epub 2010 Feb 18.
Activated microglia play important roles in the inflammatory process and progression in Parkinson's disease. These cells produce various cytokines, nitric oxide, and neurotrophins, which are pleiotropic in their action, i.e., neuroprotective or neurotoxic. In an in vivo study on a mouse model with nigrostriatal lesions produced by the administration of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), microglia activated by systemic lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were neurotoxic toward dopamine neurons in aged mice, but unexpectedly, neuroprotective in neonatal mice. In contrast to microglia in the MPTP model, LPS-activated microglia in neonatal mice in a model made by the stereotaxic injection of ethanol into the striatum were neurotoxic, and systemic LPS administration in the ethanol-injury model caused marked increases both in the volume of necrotic lesions and in the number of degenerative neurons in the striatum. Thus, activated microglia in the neonatal mouse brain play either a neuroprotective or neurotoxic role depending on the type of brain injury.
活化的小胶质细胞在帕金森病的炎症过程和进展中发挥重要作用。这些细胞产生各种细胞因子、一氧化氮和神经营养因子，它们的作用具有多效性，即具有神经保护或神经毒性。在一个通过给予 1-甲基-4-苯基-1,2,3,6-四氢吡啶（MPTP）在黑质纹状体损伤的小鼠模型的体内研究中，通过全身脂多糖（LPS）激活的小胶质细胞对老年小鼠的多巴胺神经元具有神经毒性，但出乎意料的是，对新生小鼠具有神经保护作用。与 MPTP 模型中的小胶质细胞不同，在立体定向注射乙醇到纹状体的新生小鼠模型中，LPS 激活的小胶质细胞具有神经毒性，而在乙醇损伤模型中全身给予 LPS 导致坏死病变体积和纹状体变性神经元数量明显增加。因此，新生小鼠大脑中活化的小胶质细胞根据脑损伤的类型发挥神经保护或神经毒性作用。
