Chatzidakis Ioannis, Mamalaki Clio
Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece.
Curr Dir Autoimmun. 2010;11:105-18. doi: 10.1159/000289200. Epub 2010 Feb 18.
TNF is a pleiotropic cytokine produced by many cell types upon different stimuli and in various physiological and pathological conditions. In this review, we focus on the role of TNF in T cell responses as demonstrated by in vitro and in vivo observations in mice and humans. TNF has an impact on all aspects of T cell biology such as development in the thymus, peripheral homeostasis, primary antigenic responses, apoptosis, effector functions, memory cell formation and tolerance induction and maintenance. In most cases, TNF has an immunostimulatory role in T cell responses; however, under certain conditions, TNF can exert immunomodulatory effects on T cells. We also review how T cell-derived TNF is an important component of T cell immunity as exemplified by many studies involving intracellular pathogens and tumors. Finally, we summarize how TNF T cells interplay contributes to pathology in autoimmune disorders and what is known about the effect of widely used TNF blockers on T cell differentiation/function.
肿瘤坏死因子（TNF）是一种多效性细胞因子，在不同刺激下以及各种生理和病理条件下，由多种细胞类型产生。在本综述中，我们重点关注TNF在T细胞反应中的作用，这已通过对小鼠和人类的体外和体内观察得到证实。TNF对T细胞生物学的各个方面都有影响，如胸腺中的发育、外周稳态、初次抗原反应、细胞凋亡、效应功能、记忆细胞形成以及耐受诱导和维持。在大多数情况下，TNF在T细胞反应中具有免疫刺激作用；然而，在某些条件下，TNF可对T细胞发挥免疫调节作用。我们还将综述T细胞衍生的TNF如何作为T细胞免疫的重要组成部分，许多涉及细胞内病原体和肿瘤的研究都例证了这一点。最后，我们总结TNF与T细胞的相互作用如何导致自身免疫性疾病中的病理变化，以及关于广泛使用的TNF阻滞剂对T细胞分化/功能的影响的已知情况。
