Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, E-Da Hospital/I-Shou University, No. 1 Yi-Da Road, Jiau-Shu Tsuen, Yan-Chau Shiang, Kaohsiung County, Taiwan, ROC.
Aesthetic Plast Surg. 2010 Jun;34(3):340-9. doi: 10.1007/s00266-009-9461-6. Epub 2010 Feb 21.
Psychological processes consisting of body image and self-esteem are considered key to the motivation for cosmetic surgery (CS). The current study aimed to investigate such processes as well as social support, perception of other people's opinion, and sex life satisfaction of Taiwanese female CS candidates. Further analyses were conducted to identify which processes predicted motivation for CS.
Questionnaires comprising subscales of the Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire, the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, the Perception of Other Peoples' Opinion Scale, and social support and sex life questions were completed by Taiwanese female CS candidates (n = 85) preoperatively. The results were compared with those for a sex-matched nonsurgical control group (n = 105) as well as previously published data and reference norms. Correlation and multiple regression analysis also was conducted to identify any relationship between variables as well as which variable best predicted the likelihood of a patient having surgery.
A total of 29 CS candidates (34.1%) reported before their surgical consultation that they would "very likely" or "likely" have CS, and 54 (63.5%) received support from all three social groups, namely, family, friends, and partner. The body image (appearance evaluation, orientation, and body area satisfaction) of the CS candidates was not significantly different from that of the control group. The former had significantly higher self-esteem and perception of other people's opinion scores. Self-esteem was positively correlated with appearance evaluation (r = 0.484; p < 0.01) and body area satisfaction (r = 0.494; p < 0.01). Body area satisfaction had a fair degree of negative correlation with the likelihood of having CS (r = -0.413; p < 0.01). Regression analysis indicated that only body area dissatisfaction predicted the likelihood of having CS, accounting for 29.4% of the total variance.
The results of this study indicate that the Taiwanese female CS candidates did not have higher body image dissatisfaction or greater body image investment than the control group. However, body area dissatisfaction was the only significant predictor for the likelihood of having CS, a feature not previously recognized in Asian CS candidates. The higher self-esteem of the CS candidates opposes the view that low self-esteem is a principal motivating factor for CS.
身体意象和自尊等心理过程被认为是美容手术（CS）动机的关键。本研究旨在调查台湾女性 CS 候选者的这些过程以及社会支持、对他人意见的感知和性生活满意度。进一步的分析旨在确定哪些过程预测了 CS 的动机。
术前，台湾女性 CS 候选者（n=85）填写了多维身体自我关系问卷、罗森伯格自尊量表、他人意见感知量表以及社会支持和性生活问题的子量表。结果与性别匹配的非手术对照组（n=105）以及以前发表的数据和参考标准进行了比较。还进行了相关性和多元回归分析，以确定变量之间的任何关系以及哪个变量最能预测患者接受手术的可能性。
共有 29 名 CS 候选者（34.1%）在手术咨询前表示他们“很可能”或“可能”进行 CS，其中 54 名（63.5%）获得了来自三个社会群体（即家庭、朋友和伴侣）的全部支持。CS 候选者的身体意象（外观评价、取向和身体区域满意度）与对照组没有显著差异。前者的自尊和对他人意见的感知得分明显更高。自尊与外观评价呈正相关（r=0.484；p<0.01）和身体区域满意度呈正相关（r=0.494；p<0.01）。身体区域满意度与进行 CS 的可能性呈中度负相关（r=-0.413；p<0.01）。回归分析表明，只有身体区域不满意可以预测进行 CS 的可能性，占总方差的 29.4%。
本研究结果表明，台湾女性 CS 候选者的身体意象不满或身体意象投资并不高于对照组。然而，身体区域不满意是进行 CS 的可能性的唯一显著预测因素，这是亚洲 CS 候选者以前未认识到的特征。CS 候选者的较高自尊与低自尊是 CS 主要动机因素的观点相悖。
