Grossman W I
Psychoanal Q. 1991 Jan;60(1):22-52.
Traumatized infants and children may exhibit syndromes of aggressive, pain-seeking, and self-destructive behavior resembling the so-called sadomasochism seen in adults. Three hypotheses are offered to account for the repetition of sadomasochistic phenomena in childhood and later character disorders: 1) pain and painful affects are sources of aggression; 2) the need to control aggression plays an important role in the development of psychic structure; 3) child abuse and trauma impair the ability to use fantasy for the mastery of impulses. Difficulty in expression and control of aggression are central issues in character disorders.
受创伤的婴幼儿可能会表现出攻击性、寻求痛苦和自我毁灭行为的综合征，类似于在成人中所见的所谓施虐受虐狂。本文提出了三个假说来解释童年期施虐受虐现象的重复以及后来的性格障碍：1）疼痛和痛苦情感是攻击的来源；2）控制攻击的需求在心理结构的发展中起重要作用；3）虐待儿童和创伤会损害利用幻想来控制冲动的能力。攻击性表达和控制方面的困难是性格障碍的核心问题。
