Colombatti R, Vieira C S, Bassani F, Cristofoli R, Coin A, Bertinato L, Riccardi F
Clinic of Pediatric Haematology Oncology, Department of Paediatfic, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
Afr J Med Med Sci. 2009 Jun;38(2):155-61.
Since the 1998 civil warcholera outbreaks and waterborne infections have been a major cause of morbidity and mortality during the rainy season in Guinea Bidsau. Our survey aims at: (1) describing the distribution, characteristics and use of water sources and sewage facilities in a central area of the capital city of Bissau; (2) determining the microbiological quality of drinking water during the rainy season. After mapping of the Cuntum 3 study area, water sources' and latrines' location, characteristics and use were determined by visual inspection and interviews with householders. Microbiological analyses were peformed from water sources for evaluation of total Coliforms, E. coli, Enterococcus faecalis. Twelve water sources (9 wells, 3 taps) and 15 latrines were identified and used by 444 inhabitants. Water sources and latrines were at less than 5 meters distance apart. Wells were self-built, hand-dug, shallow (4-6 meters), unprotected. Taps were located outdoor. Latrines were self-built, open air, unprotected. None of the houses had a bathroom. Maintenance of wells, taps and latrines is not performed on regular basis and well's handling habits are not safe. Well and tap water showed heavy faecal contamination with more than 1000 CFU/100 ml. The contamination of drinking water in Bissau due to poor construction, maintenance and improperuse ten years after the civil war, demonstrates the need to allocate resources after conflicts in the area of water and sanitation. Both should be included as a priority in post-conflict reconstruction programs in order to reduce cholera outbreaks and diarrhoea related mortality.
自1998年内战以来，霍乱疫情和水源性感染一直是几内亚比绍雨季期间发病和死亡的主要原因。我们的调查旨在：(1)描述首都比绍市中心地区水源和污水设施的分布、特征及使用情况；(2)确定雨季期间饮用水的微生物质量。在绘制了昆图姆3研究区域的地图后，通过目视检查和与住户访谈确定了水源和厕所的位置、特征及使用情况。对水源进行微生物分析以评估总大肠菌群、大肠杆菌和粪肠球菌。共识别出12个水源（9口水井、3个水龙头）和15个厕所，444名居民使用这些设施。水源和厕所相距不到5米。水井为自建、人工挖掘、浅井（4-6米）且无防护措施。水龙头位于户外。厕所为自建、露天且无防护措施。所有房屋均无浴室。水井、水龙头和厕所未定期维护，水井的使用习惯也不安全。水井和水龙头的水受到严重粪便污染，每100毫升超过1000菌落形成单位。内战结束十年后，比绍的饮用水因建设差、维护不善和使用不当而受到污染，这表明需要在冲突后为水和卫生设施领域分配资源。两者都应作为冲突后重建计划的优先事项纳入，以减少霍乱疫情和腹泻相关死亡率。
