Division of Infectious Diseases, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
J Intern Med. 2010 Feb;267(2):220-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2796.2009.02201.x.
Influenza is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality in adults aged over 65 years. Although vaccination remains the most effective method of preventing influenza and its sequellae, current vaccination strategies provide less protection to older adults than to younger persons. Influenza vaccination in community-dwelling older adults is cost-effective, though there is room for improvement. Newer vaccine strategies considered for use in older adults include alternate routes of administration (intradermal or intranasal), addition of adjuvant, and novel methods of antigen presentation. Measuring cell-mediated immune response to new vaccines in addition to antibody response may correlate better with vaccine efficacy in this population. Whilst pandemic influenza A/H1N1 2009 (pH1N1) has largely spared older adults, the impact of pH1N1 vaccination has yet to be determined.
流感可导致 65 岁以上老年人发生严重的发病率和死亡率。尽管疫苗接种仍然是预防流感及其并发症的最有效方法，但目前的疫苗接种策略对老年人的保护效果不如对年轻人。在社区居住的老年人中，流感疫苗接种具有成本效益，但仍有改进的空间。在老年人中考虑使用的新疫苗接种策略包括不同的给药途径（皮内或鼻内）、添加佐剂和新型抗原呈递方法。除了抗体反应之外，测量新疫苗的细胞介导免疫反应可能与该人群的疫苗疗效更好地相关。虽然大流行性流感 A/H1N1 2009（pH1N1）在很大程度上使老年人幸免，但 pH1N1 疫苗接种的影响仍有待确定。
