School of Physics, University of Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia.
J Theor Biol. 2010 May 21;264(2):407-19. doi: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2010.02.028. Epub 2010 Feb 19.
A quantitative physiologically based model of the sleep-wake switch is used to predict variations in subjective fatigue-related measures during total sleep deprivation. The model includes the mutual inhibition of the sleep-active neurons in the hypothalamic ventrolateral preoptic area (VLPO) and the wake-active monoaminergic brainstem populations (MA), as well as circadian and homeostatic drives. We simulate sleep deprivation by introducing a drive to the MA, which we call wake effort, to maintain the system in a wakeful state. Physiologically this drive is proposed to be afferent from the cortex or the orexin group of the lateral hypothalamus. It is hypothesized that the need to exert this effort to maintain wakefulness at high homeostatic sleep pressure correlates with subjective fatigue levels. The model's output indeed exhibits good agreement with existing clinical time series of subjective fatigue-related measures, supporting this hypothesis. Subjective fatigue, adrenaline, and body temperature variations during two 72h sleep deprivation protocols are reproduced by the model. By distinguishing a motivation-dependent orexinergic contribution to the wake-effort drive, the model can be extended to interpret variation in performance levels during sleep deprivation in a way that is qualitatively consistent with existing, clinically derived results. The example of sleep deprivation thus demonstrates the ability of physiologically based sleep modeling to predict psychological measures from the underlying physiological interactions that produce them.
我们使用一种定量的基于生理学的睡眠-觉醒开关模型来预测在完全睡眠剥夺期间与主观疲劳相关的测量值的变化。该模型包括下丘脑腹外侧视前区（VLPO）中的睡眠活性神经元和觉醒活性单胺能脑干群体（MA）的相互抑制，以及昼夜节律和内稳态驱动。我们通过引入向 MA 的驱动来模拟睡眠剥夺，我们称之为觉醒努力，以维持系统处于觉醒状态。从生理学上讲，这种驱动被认为是来自大脑皮层或下丘脑外侧的食欲素群。据假设，在高内稳态睡眠压力下，需要付出这种努力来保持清醒与主观疲劳水平相关。该模型的输出确实与现有的主观疲劳相关测量的临床时间序列非常吻合，支持了这一假设。模型再现了两个 72 小时睡眠剥夺方案期间的主观疲劳、肾上腺素和体温变化。通过区分与动机相关的食欲素对觉醒努力驱动的贡献，该模型可以扩展到解释睡眠剥夺期间的表现水平变化，这与现有的临床衍生结果在定性上是一致的。因此，睡眠剥夺的例子表明，基于生理学的睡眠建模能够从产生这些心理测量的潜在生理相互作用中预测心理测量。
