Department of Psychology, American University, Washington, DC 20016-8062, USA.
Addict Behav. 2010 Jun;35(6):599-606. doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2010.02.008. Epub 2010 Feb 10.
Despite widespread knowledge of the negative health consequences of cigarette smoking, in 2007 a majority (60%) of daily smokers in the USA did not make a quit attempt lasting at least 24 h. Drawing on Riskind's looming cognitive vulnerability model of anxiety, we developed a guided imagery induction intended to increase smokers' perceived susceptibility to the consequences of continued smoking and thereby to increase quit attempts. In a pilot study of this induction, 72 adult daily smokers were randomly assigned to the looming imagery condition or to a control condition exposed to guided imagery that did not concern smoking or its dangers. Those in the looming condition reported significantly higher state anxiety and highly accessible negative outcome expectancies for smoking immediately after the induction, and a significantly lower smoking rate in the month after the experiment. Nonsignificant trends favored the looming condition also for increasing contemplation of quitting, self-efficacy for abstaining from cigarettes, intrinsic motivation to quit as a function of health concerns, and most importantly the likelihood of making a quit attempt in the month following the experiment. Further development and testing of the looming induction as a way to motivate quit attempts is warranted.
尽管人们普遍了解吸烟对健康的负面影响，但 2007 年，美国仍有多数（60%）的每日吸烟者没有尝试过持续至少 24 小时的戒烟。借鉴 Riskind 的焦虑迫在眉睫认知脆弱性模型，我们开发了一种引导意象诱导，旨在增加吸烟者对继续吸烟后果的感知易感性，从而增加戒烟尝试。在这项诱导的初步研究中，72 名成年每日吸烟者被随机分配到迫在眉睫的意象条件或接受引导意象的对照条件，而引导意象与吸烟或其危险无关。那些处于迫在眉睫条件下的人在诱导后立即报告了明显更高的状态焦虑和对吸烟的高度可及的负面结果预期，并且在实验后的一个月内吸烟率明显降低。迫在眉睫的条件也有利于增加戒烟思考、戒烟的自我效能、出于健康担忧而戒烟的内在动机，以及最重要的是，在实验后的一个月内戒烟的可能性。进一步开发和测试迫在眉睫的诱导作为激励戒烟尝试的一种方式是合理的。
