University of Helsinki, Department of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, Niemenkatu 73, 15140 Lahti, Finland.
J Environ Qual. 2010 Feb 19;39(2):678-85. doi: 10.2134/jeq2008.0530. Print 2010 Mar-Apr.
Malodors from pig manure storage pits are a problem lacking a cost-efficient solution particularly for small pig (Sus domestica) farms. The objective of this study was to reduce emissions of noxious odorants by changing the conditions in the pig manure to favor an altered microbial community. Sugars (maltose, lactose, and saccharose), carbohydrate-rich waste (maltose syrup and wheat flour), and bacterial amendments (Lactobacillus plantarum and L. amylophilus) were tested for their effect on manure pH, bacterial community, and gaseous emissions. In laboratory experiments, a permanent pH reduction was achieved with all carbohydrates when added to a 5% final concentration. Maltose significantly decreased emissions of sulfur-containing compounds, whereas bacterial amendments had little effect on odorants. Lactobacilli were found in manure receiving carbohydrate amendments alone, but Clostridiales, Bacteroidetes, and Enterobacteriaceae were observed in all treatments (including the control). At the mesocosm (60 L) level, maltose syrup and wheat flour amendments caused clear pH reductions in manure, whereas L. plantarum and L. amylophilus had no additional effect. The addition of maltose syrup and wheat flour to a manure storage pit (600 m(3)) lowered the pH slightly. When the manure was spread onto the fields, the observed reduction in odor was found to be reversible, and the release of malodors was delayed rather than eliminated. We conclude that these methods require further development to produce a reliable technical application.
猪粪储存池产生的恶臭是一个缺乏经济有效解决方案的问题，尤其是对于小型养猪场（Sus domestica）而言。本研究的目的是通过改变猪粪中的条件来促进微生物群落的改变，从而减少有害恶臭物质的排放。糖（麦芽糖、乳糖和蔗糖）、富含碳水化合物的废物（麦芽糖糖浆和小麦面粉）和细菌添加剂（植物乳杆菌和淀粉乳杆菌）被测试了其对粪便 pH 值、细菌群落和气体排放的影响。在实验室实验中，当添加终浓度为 5%时，所有碳水化合物都可使粪便的 pH 值永久降低。麦芽糖显著降低了含硫化合物的排放，而细菌添加剂对恶臭物质几乎没有影响。单独添加碳水化合物的粪便中发现了乳杆菌，但在所有处理（包括对照）中都观察到了梭菌目、拟杆菌门和肠杆菌科。在中观（60 L）水平上，麦芽糖糖浆和小麦面粉添加剂可明显降低粪便的 pH 值，而植物乳杆菌和淀粉乳杆菌则没有额外的效果。将麦芽糖糖浆和小麦面粉添加到一个 600 m³的粪便储存池中，可使 pH 值略有降低。当粪便被施用到农田上时，发现所观察到的气味减少是可逆的，恶臭的释放被延迟而不是消除。我们的结论是，这些方法需要进一步开发，以提供可靠的技术应用。
