Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 10, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
Environ Sci Technol. 2010 Apr 15;44(8):2791-6. doi: 10.1021/es9030694.
One of the four screening criteria that are assessed when a chemical substance is nominated for international regulation under the Stockholm Convention is potential for long-range transport. Measured levels of a chemical in locations distant from sources can be used as evidence of long-range environmental transport, but until now, there has been no quantitative measure of the distance of a location from likely source areas of chemicals. Here we use a global atmospheric transport model to calculate atmospheric concentrations for a set of volatile tracers that differ in their effective atmospheric residence time. We then derive an empirical relationship to express these concentrations as a function of the atmospheric residence time and a location-specific parameter, the remoteness index, RI. We present maps of RI for two generic emissions scenarios that represent areas for emissions of industrial and technical chemicals and pesticides, respectively. Our results can be used to better interpret spatial patterns of measured and modeled concentrations of chemicals in the global environment and to derive long-range transport potential metrics for specific substances. We thus provide, to our knowledge for the first time, a description of remoteness that is applicable to measurement sites of continental- and global-scale monitoring programmes. Our results can be used to plan future measurement campaigns and extend monitoring networks.
当一种化学物质被提名根据《斯德哥尔摩公约》进行国际监管时，需要评估四个筛选标准之一，即是否具有长距离迁移的潜力。在远离污染源的地点测量到的化学物质水平可用作长距离环境迁移的证据，但到目前为止，还没有一种定量的方法来衡量一个地点与可能的化学品源区的距离。在这里，我们使用一个全球大气传输模型来计算一组挥发性示踪剂的大气浓度，这些示踪剂在其有效大气停留时间上有所不同。然后，我们得出一个经验关系，将这些浓度表示为大气停留时间和位置特定参数（偏远指数，RI）的函数。我们为两个通用排放情景呈现了 RI 地图，分别代表工业和技术化学品以及农药的排放区域。我们的结果可用于更好地解释全球环境中测量和模拟的化学物质浓度的空间分布模式，并为特定物质推导长距离迁移潜力指标。因此，我们首次提供了一种适用于大陆和全球规模监测计划的测量站点的偏远程度描述。我们的结果可用于规划未来的测量活动并扩展监测网络。
