Using metamers to explore motion perception.

We examined conditions under which two quite different types of random-dot cinematograms were perceptually matched. In one stimulus type, directions of motion were defined by a uniform distribution; in the other, directions were drawn from a discrete set of just a few, widely separated directions. Cinematograms whose range of uniformly distributed directions lay between 180 and 270 deg could be matched by cinematograms containing just 6-10 discrete directions. The number of discrete directions required for a match was a nonmonotonic function of the range of directions present in the other cinematogram. The results are consistent with a line-element model in which the outputs of 12 direction-selective mechanisms, each with a half-amplitude half-bandwidth of 30 deg, are combined nonlinearly to produce the percept of motion.