Barker Kathryn, Allen Roy, McGeorge Peter
Vision Research Laboratories, School of Psychology, King's College, University of Aberdeen, UK.
Exp Psychol. 2010;57(3):208-14. doi: 10.1027/1618-3169/a000026.
Research has demonstrated that individuals who routinely engage in complex visuospatial tasks (e.g., radar operators) show an enhanced ability to track multiple randomly moving targets. This study examined tracking expertise using members of a University Officer Training Corps (OTCs) who regularly engage in tasks requiring good dynamic spatial cognition. As expected, the results show that OTCs have enhanced tracking ability relative to other undergraduates. More importantly, they support the idea that, while one set of executive processes are involved in the moment-by-moment updating of the visuospatial representations necessary for dynamic, multiple-object tracking, other processes are activated when whole object sets disappear simultaneously, to create a long-term memory trace of the objects' locations at the moment of their disappearance. Expertise only arose in the former processes, but was lost after a short decay period, such as occurred with a delayed response.
研究表明，经常从事复杂视觉空间任务的个体（如雷达操作员）表现出更强的跟踪多个随机移动目标的能力。本研究以某大学军官训练团（OTC）的成员为对象，考察了跟踪技能，这些成员经常从事需要良好动态空间认知的任务。不出所料，结果显示OTC成员相对于其他本科生具有更强的跟踪能力。更重要的是，这些结果支持了这样一种观点，即虽然一组执行过程参与了动态多目标跟踪所需的视觉空间表征的逐时刻更新，但当整个对象集同时消失时，其他过程会被激活，以创建对象消失瞬间其位置的长期记忆痕迹。专业技能仅出现在前一种过程中，但在短暂的衰退期后就会丧失，比如在延迟反应的情况下就会出现这种衰退。
