Parmentier Fabrice B R, Andrés Pilar
School of Psychology, University of the Balearic Islands, Balearic Islands, Spain.
Exp Psychol. 2010;57(1):68-76. doi: 10.1027/1618-3169/a000009.
The presentation of auditory oddball stimuli (novels) among otherwise repeated sounds (standards) triggers a well-identified chain of electrophysiological responses: The detection of acoustic change (mismatch negativity), the involuntary orientation of attention to (P3a) and its reorientation from the novel. Behaviorally, novels reduce performance in an unrelated visual task (novelty distraction). Past studies of the cross-modal capture of attention by acoustic novelty have typically discarded from their analysis the data from the standard trials immediately following a novel, despite some evidence in mono-modal oddball tasks of distraction extending beyond the presentation of deviants/novels (postnovelty distraction). The present study measured novelty and postnovelty distraction and examined the hypothesis that both types of distraction may be underpinned by common frontally-related processes by comparing young and older adults. Our data establish that novels delayed responses not only on the current trial and but also on the subsequent standard trial. Both of these effects increased with age. We argue that both types of distraction relate to the reconfiguration of task-sets and discuss this contention in relation to recent electrophysiological studies.
在其他重复声音（标准音）中呈现听觉异常刺激（新异音）会引发一系列明确的电生理反应：对声学变化的检测（失匹配负波）、对新异音的非自愿注意定向（P3a）以及从新异音上重新定向注意。行为上，新异音会降低无关视觉任务的表现（新奇性干扰）。过去关于声学新奇性对跨模态注意捕获的研究通常在分析中舍弃紧跟新异音之后的标准试验的数据，尽管在单模态oddball任务中有一些证据表明干扰超出了异常刺激/新异音的呈现（新异音后干扰）。本研究测量了新奇性和新异音后干扰，并通过比较年轻人和老年人来检验这两种干扰类型可能由与额叶相关的共同过程支持的假设。我们的数据表明，新异音不仅会延迟当前试验的反应，还会延迟随后标准试验的反应。这两种效应都随年龄增长而增加。我们认为这两种干扰类型都与任务集的重新配置有关，并结合最近的电生理研究讨论了这一观点。
