Department of General Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Eur J Clin Nutr. 2010 Apr;64(4):419-23. doi: 10.1038/ejcn.2009.154. Epub 2010 Feb 24.
Sphingolipids, like phytosphingosine (PS) are part of cellular membranes of yeasts, vegetables and fruits. Addition of PS to the diet decreases serum cholesterol and free fatty acid (FFA) levels in rodents and improves insulin sensitivity.
To study the effect of dietary supplementation with PS on cholesterol and glucose metabolism in humans.
Twelve men with the metabolic syndrome (MetS) (according to the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria; age 51+/-2 years (mean+/-s.e.m.); body mass index (BMI) 32+/-1 kg/m(2)) were randomly assigned to 4 weeks of PS (500 mg twice daily) and 4 weeks of placebo (P) in a double-blind cross-over study, with a 4-week wash-out period between both interventions. At the end of each intervention anthropometric measures and serum lipids were measured and an intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) was performed.
Phytosphingosine did not affect body weight and fat mass compared with P. PS decreased serum total cholesterol (5.1+/-0.3 (PS) vs 5.4+/-0.3 (P) mmol/l; P<0.05) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol levels (3.1+/-0.3 (PS) vs 3.4+/-0.3 (P) mmol/l; P<0.05), whereas it did not alter serum triglyceride and high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol levels. In addition, PS lowered fasting plasma glucose levels (6.2+/-0.3 (PS) vs 6.5+/-0.3 (P) mmol/l; P<0.05). PS increased the glucose disappearance rate (K-value) by 9.9% during the IVGTT (0.91+/-0.06 (PS) vs 0.82+/-0.05 (P) %/min; P<0.05) at similar insulin levels, compared with P, thus implying enhanced insulin sensitivity. PS induced only minor gastrointestinal side effects.
Dietary supplementation of PS decreases plasma cholesterol levels and enhances insulin sensitivity in men with the MetS.
神经鞘脂类，如植物鞘氨醇（PS），是酵母、蔬菜和水果细胞的细胞膜的一部分。在饮食中添加 PS 可降低啮齿动物的血清胆固醇和游离脂肪酸（FFA）水平，并提高胰岛素敏感性。
研究饮食补充 PS 对人体胆固醇和葡萄糖代谢的影响。
12 名患有代谢综合征（MetS）的男性（根据国际糖尿病联合会（IDF）标准；年龄 51+/-2 岁（均值+/-标准误）；体重指数（BMI）32+/-1 kg/m2）被随机分配到 PS（500 mg 每日两次）和安慰剂（P）的 4 周双盲交叉研究中，两种干预之间有 4 周洗脱期。在每个干预结束时测量人体测量学指标和血清脂质，并进行静脉葡萄糖耐量试验（IVGTT）。
与 P 相比，PS 对体重和脂肪量没有影响。PS 降低了血清总胆固醇（5.1+/-0.3（PS）与 5.4+/-0.3（P）mmol/L；P<0.05）和低密度脂蛋白（LDL）-胆固醇水平（3.1+/-0.3（PS）与 3.4+/-0.3（P）mmol/L；P<0.05），而血清甘油三酯和高密度脂蛋白（HDL）-胆固醇水平没有改变。此外，PS 降低了空腹血糖水平（6.2+/-0.3（PS）与 6.5+/-0.3（P）mmol/L；P<0.05）。与 P 相比，PS 在 IVGTT 期间使葡萄糖清除率（K 值）增加了 9.9%（0.91+/-0.06（PS）与 0.82+/-0.05（P）%/min；P<0.05），同时胰岛素水平相似，表明胰岛素敏感性增强。PS 仅引起轻微的胃肠道副作用。
饮食补充 PS 可降低 MetS 男性的血浆胆固醇水平并提高胰岛素敏感性。
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