Institute of Preventive Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital, Denmark.
Schizophr Res. 2010 May;118(1-3):41-7. doi: 10.1016/j.schres.2010.01.029. Epub 2010 Feb 23.
The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between age of neuromotor milestone attainment and risk of adult schizophrenia. 5765 mothers of the Copenhagen Perinatal Cohort recorded 12 developmental milestones during the child's first year of life. Cohort members were followed until they were 46-48 years old through record linkage with the Danish Psychiatric Central Research Register. The age at which milestones were met in the 92 individuals who later developed schizophrenia was compared with milestone attainment in the 691 individuals who developed other psychiatric disorders and in the 4982 cohort controls who were never admitted to a psychiatric department. Group comparisons were adjusted for gender, mother's age, father's age, parental social status, breadwinner's education, single mother status and parity. Individuals who developed schizophrenia reached all developmental milestones later than controls and differed significantly from the controls with respect to the mean age of reaching the 12 milestones. Five developmental milestones in particular (smiling, lifting head, sitting, crawling, and walking) differed significantly. Individuals who later developed psychiatric disorders other than schizophrenia reached most developmental milestones earlier than those who developed schizophrenia, but later than the controls. The two psychiatric groups only differed significantly with respect to age of walking without support. The findings corroborate and methodologically extend previous research from prospective longitudinal cohort studies suggesting developmental delays observable as early as within the first year of life. These early developmental delays may not only characterize schizophrenia, but may be associated with a range of psychiatric disorders.
本研究旨在探讨神经运动里程碑达成年龄与成年精神分裂症风险之间的关系。5765 名哥本哈根围产期队列的母亲在孩子生命的第一年记录了 12 项发育里程碑。通过与丹麦精神病中央研究登记处的记录链接，对队列成员进行了随访，直到他们 46-48 岁。将后来发展为精神分裂症的 92 个人达到里程碑的年龄与后来发展为其他精神障碍的 691 个人和从未进入精神科的 4982 个队列对照者的里程碑达成年龄进行了比较。组间比较调整了性别、母亲年龄、父亲年龄、父母社会地位、养家糊口者的教育程度、单亲状况和生育次数。发展为精神分裂症的个体达到所有发育里程碑的年龄晚于对照组，与对照组相比，达到 12 个里程碑的平均年龄差异显著。特别是有 5 个发育里程碑（微笑、抬头、坐、爬行和行走）差异显著。后来发展为除精神分裂症以外的其他精神障碍的个体达到大多数发育里程碑的年龄早于发展为精神分裂症的个体，但晚于对照组。这两个精神障碍组仅在无需支撑行走的年龄上存在显著差异。这些发现证实并在方法上扩展了以前前瞻性纵向队列研究的研究结果，表明早在生命的第一年就可以观察到发育迟缓。这些早期发育迟缓不仅可能是精神分裂症的特征，还可能与一系列精神障碍有关。
