Department of Agronomy, State University of Mato Grosso, Tangará da Serra, Brazil.
J Environ Sci Health B. 2009 Nov;44(8):757-63. doi: 10.1080/03601230903237998.
This research was aimed at understanding the dynamics of the herbicides diuron [3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea], imazapic [2-(4-isopropyl-4-methyl-5-oxo-2-imidazolin-2-yl)-5-methylnicotinic acid] and isoxaflutole [5-cyclopropyl-4-(2-methanesulfonyl-4-trifluoromethyl benzoyl)isoxazole] in two soils of different physico-chemical properties. To accomplish such intent, several greenhouse experiments were run. The bioavailability of diuron (0; 1.6 and 3.2 kg ha(-1)), imazapic (0; 98 and 122.5 g ha(-1)) and isoxaflutole (0; 35 and 70 g ha(-1)) was measured in samples from a sandy loam soil and a clay soil, by sowing a bioindicator (Brachiaria decumbens), at 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 days after herbicides application (DAA). Diuron was very stable in clay soil, providing control equal to or higher than 92% of bioindicator, up to 100 DAA, as assumed by biomass accumulation. No differential effect was observed in sandy loam soil, even when 2x labeled rate were applied. Imazapic provided a short bioavailability in relation to B. decumbens, independent of rates applied. The persistence of isoxaflutole was longer in clay soil (28 to 30 days).
本研究旨在了解不同物理化学性质的两种土壤中除草剂敌草隆（[3-(3,4-二氯苯基）-1,1-二甲基脲]）、咪草烟（[2-(4-异丙基-4-甲基-5-氧代-2-咪唑啉-2-基)-5-甲基烟碱酸]）和异恶唑草酮（[5-环丙基-4-(2-甲磺酰基-4-三氟甲基苯甲酰基)异恶唑]）的动态变化。为了达到这一目的，进行了多次温室实验。通过在播种生物指示剂（马唐）后 0、25、50、75 和 100 天（DAA），测量了沙壤土和粘壤土中敌草隆（0；1.6 和 3.2 kg ha(-1)）、咪草烟（0；98 和 122.5 g ha(-1)）和异恶唑草酮（0；35 和 70 g ha(-1)）的生物有效性。在粘壤土中，敌草隆非常稳定，通过生物量积累，提供了高达 100 DAA 时，对生物指示剂的控制等于或高于 92%。在沙壤土中没有观察到差异效应，即使施用量是 2 倍。咪草烟与 B. decumbens 相比，生物有效性较短，与施用率无关。异恶唑草酮在粘壤土中的半衰期较长（28 至 30 天）。
