Ming Chuan University, Taoyuan County, Taiwan.
Int J Environ Health Res. 2009 Jun;19(3):163-74. doi: 10.1080/09603120802460384.
The objective of this study was to explore the combined effect of temperature and air pollutant levels on daily non-accidental deaths and cardiovascular causes of mortality. In this study, associations were assessed by means of time-series analyses over the period 1995-1999 for Kaohsiung, Taiwan's largest industrial city, which has a subtropical climate. Ambient exposures to various air pollutants, including carbon monoxide (CO), sulfur dioxide (SO(2)), ozone (O(3)), nitrogen dioxide (NO(2)), and particulate matter (PM(10)), were estimated from the arithmetic means of all daily measurements taken by an air quality monitoring station nearest to the residential district. Generalized additive models with non-parametric spline were used to identify associations between daily mortality and air pollutants as well as the air pollutant-temperature interaction correlation. Our findings indicate that CO is associated with increased risks of non-accidental and cardiovascular mortality. For a 0.2 ppm increase in CO, the increased relative daily risk of non-accidental death is at least 4% on the same day, when the mean temperature is above 24.8 degrees C, while the increased relative risk of mortality due to cardiovascular diseases is 7% two days later at 19.7 degrees C. The study also suggests a statistically significant interaction between CO concentration and daily mean temperature, with non-accidental mortality increasing with a warm outdoor temperature and the effect of CO on cardiovascular mortality being modified by a cold climate. Further reduction of CO pollution is thus deemed crucial for the benefit of public health.
本研究旨在探讨温度和空气污染物水平对每日非意外死亡和心血管疾病死亡率的综合影响。在这项研究中，通过对台湾最大工业城市高雄市 1995 年至 1999 年期间的时间序列分析来评估关联。高雄市的环境暴露于各种空气污染物，包括一氧化碳（CO）、二氧化硫（SO₂）、臭氧（O₃）、二氧化氮（NO₂）和颗粒物（PM₁₀），是通过空气质量监测站最接近住宅区的所有每日测量值的算术平均值来估算的。广义相加模型与非参数样条用于识别每日死亡率与空气污染物之间的关联，以及空气污染物与温度的相互作用关系。我们的研究结果表明，CO 与非意外和心血管疾病死亡率的增加风险有关。对于 CO 浓度增加 0.2 ppm，当平均温度高于 24.8°C 时，当天非意外死亡的相对每日风险至少增加 4%，而在 19.7°C 时，心血管疾病死亡率的相对风险增加 7%。该研究还表明 CO 浓度与日平均温度之间存在统计学上显著的相互作用，非意外死亡率随室外温度升高而升高，CO 对心血管疾病死亡率的影响受寒冷气候的影响。因此，进一步减少 CO 污染对于公共卫生的改善至关重要。
