Shivik John A, Palmer Gemma L, Gese Eric M, Osthaus Britta
USDA Wildlife Services National Wildlife Research Center, Logan, Utah, USA.
J Appl Anim Welf Sci. 2009;12(3):223-35. doi: 10.1080/10888700902955989.
This article attempts to determine the effects of environment (captive or wild) and a simple form of environmental enrichment on the behavior and physiology of a nonhuman animal. Specifically, analyses first compared behavioral budgets and stereotypic behavior of captive coyotes (Canis latrans) in kennels and pens to their counterparts in the wild. Second, experiments examined the effect of a simple form of environmental enrichment for captive coyotes (food-filled bones) on behavioral budgets, stereotypies, and corticosteroid levels. Overall, behavioral budgets of captive coyotes in both kennels and pens were similar to those observed in the wild, but coyotes in captivity exhibited significantly more stereotypic behavior. Intermittently providing a bone generally lowered resting and increased foraging behaviors but did not significantly reduce stereotypic behavior or alter corticosteroid levels. Thus, coyote behavior in captivity can be similar to that exhibited in the wild; in addition, although enrichment can affect proportions of elicited behaviors, abnormal behaviors and corticosteroid levels may require more than a simple form of environmental enrichment for their reduction.
本文试图确定环境（圈养或野生）以及一种简单形式的环境富集对一种非人类动物的行为和生理的影响。具体而言，分析首先比较了圈养在犬舍和围栏中的郊狼（犬属）与野生郊狼的行为预算和刻板行为。其次，实验研究了一种简单形式的环境富集（装满食物的骨头）对圈养郊狼的行为预算、刻板行为和皮质类固醇水平的影响。总体而言，犬舍和围栏中圈养郊狼的行为预算与在野外观察到的相似，但圈养的郊狼表现出明显更多的刻板行为。间歇性地提供骨头通常会降低休息行为并增加觅食行为，但并没有显著减少刻板行为或改变皮质类固醇水平。因此，圈养郊狼的行为可以与野生郊狼的行为相似；此外，尽管环境富集可以影响引发行为的比例，但减少异常行为和皮质类固醇水平可能需要不止一种简单形式的环境富集。
