Anderson Claes, Arun Attur Shanmugam, Jensen Per
IFM Biology, Division of Zoology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
Zoo Biol. 2010 Nov-Dec;29(6):705-14. doi: 10.1002/zoo.20301.
The benefits to captive animals of environmental enrichment (EE) are widely recognized. Few studies have, however, studied how to maximise the effect of EE. One issue with EE programs seems to be habituation to the enrichment device. To study the effect of habituation to EE, 14 captive sloth bears (Melursus ursinus) were subjected to two different EE treatments. Treatment one presented EE (logs with honey containing holes) for five consecutive days, whereas treatment two presented EE on intermittent days for five days. Intermittent presentations tended to reduce habituation toward the EE. Both consecutive and intermittent presentations significantly reduced stereotypies; however, the consecutive presentations had a longer-lasting effect. Explorative behaviors increased in both treatments, consistent with earlier findings that EE increase levels of natural behaviors. Other behaviors were unaffected by the EE presentations. The results show that intermittent presentation of EE objects may secure the interest of the animals, but continuous access to enrichment may be more efficient in reducing stereotypies in the long run.
环境富集（EE）对圈养动物的益处已得到广泛认可。然而，很少有研究探讨如何使环境富集的效果最大化。环境富集项目的一个问题似乎是动物会对富集装置产生习惯化。为了研究习惯化对环境富集的影响，14只圈养懒熊（马来熊）接受了两种不同的环境富集处理。处理一连续五天提供环境富集物（带有含蜂蜜孔洞的原木），而处理二则是在间隔日提供环境富集物，持续五天。间歇性提供环境富集物往往会减少动物对其的习惯化。连续和间歇性提供环境富集物都显著减少了刻板行为；然而，连续提供的效果持续时间更长。在两种处理中，探索行为都有所增加，这与早期关于环境富集可提高自然行为水平的研究结果一致。其他行为不受环境富集物呈现的影响。结果表明，间歇性提供环境富集物品可能会确保动物的兴趣，但从长远来看，持续提供富集物在减少刻板行为方面可能更有效。
