Salerno J W, Smith D E
Department of Physiological and Biological Sciences, Maharishi International University, Fairfield, Iowa 52556.
Anticancer Res. 1991 Jan-Feb;11(1):209-15.
Sesame contains large quantities of the essential polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), linoleic acid, in the form triglycerides. The antineoplastic properties of many PUFAs such as linoleic acid and their metabolites are known. We tested the hypothesis that natural vegetable oils, such as sesame oil and its component linoleic acid, when added to human colon adenocarcinoma cells growing in tissue culture would inhibit their growth and that normal colon cells would not be similarly affected. Three human colon cancer cell lines and one normal human colon cell line were exposed to the following: (1) pure linoleic acid; (2) lipase-digested sesame oil; (3) undigested sesame oil; (4) five additional common vegetable oils; (5) mineral oil. Linoleic acid inhibited the in vitro growth of all three malignant human colon adenocarcinoma cell lines. The normal colon cell line showed dramatically less inhibition of growth. Lipase-digested sesame oil (LDSO) and undigested sesame oil (UDSO) produced greater inhibition of growth of all three malignant colon cell lines than of the normal colon cells. Five other common vegetable oils containing various amounts of PUFAs such as corn, soybean, safflower, olive and coconut oils, all in their lipase-digested form, were found to dramatically inhibit the growth of the HT-29 malignant human colon cell line. Undigested olive and safflower oils also inhibited the HT-29 cells although not as markedly as the lipase-digested oils. Mineral oil did not inhibit the growth of HT-29 cells. Both lauric and palmitic acid, which are saturated fatty acids found in abundance in coconut oil inhibits the HT-29 cells more strongly than linoleic acid, while oleic acid did not inhibit. We conclude that many vegetable oils including sesame contain in vitro antineoplastic properties and that this finding warrants further investigation both in vitro and in vivo to assess their possible chemotherapeutic potential.
芝麻含有大量必需的多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA），即亚油酸，其存在形式为甘油三酯。许多多不饱和脂肪酸（如亚油酸）及其代谢产物的抗肿瘤特性是已知的。我们检验了这样一个假设：天然植物油，如芝麻油及其成分亚油酸，添加到组织培养中生长的人结肠腺癌细胞中会抑制其生长，而正常结肠细胞不会受到类似影响。三种人结肠癌细胞系和一种正常人类结肠细胞系被暴露于以下物质：（1）纯亚油酸；（2）经脂肪酶消化的芝麻油；（3）未消化的芝麻油；（4）另外五种常见植物油；（5）矿物油。亚油酸抑制了所有三种恶性人结肠腺癌细胞系的体外生长。正常结肠细胞系的生长抑制明显较少。经脂肪酶消化的芝麻油（LDSO）和未消化的芝麻油（UDSO）对所有三种恶性结肠细胞系的生长抑制作用比对正常结肠细胞的抑制作用更大。发现另外五种含有不同量多不饱和脂肪酸的常见植物油，如玉米油、大豆油、红花油、橄榄油和椰子油，均以脂肪酶消化后的形式，能显著抑制HT - 29恶性人结肠细胞系的生长。未消化的橄榄油和红花油也能抑制HT - 29细胞，尽管不如脂肪酶消化后的油明显。矿物油不抑制HT - 29细胞的生长。椰子油中大量存在的饱和脂肪酸月桂酸和棕榈酸对HT - 29细胞的抑制作用比亚油酸更强，而油酸则没有抑制作用。我们得出结论，包括芝麻在内的许多植物油具有体外抗肿瘤特性，这一发现值得在体外和体内进行进一步研究，以评估它们可能的化疗潜力。
