MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2010 Feb 26;59(7):191-6.
On September 4, 2008, the Philadelphia Department of Public Health (PDPH) and the Pennsylvania Department of Health (PADOH) notified CDC of an outbreak of possible turtle-associated human Salmonella Typhimurium infections detected by identifying strains with similar pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) patterns in PulseNet. Turtles and other reptiles have long been recognized as sources of human Salmonella infections, and the sale or distribution of small turtles (those with carapace lengths <4 inches) has been prohibited in the United States since 1975. CDC and state and local health departments conducted a multistate investigation during September-November 2008. This report summarizes the results of that investigation, which identified 135 cases in 25 states and the District of Columbia; 45% were in children aged <or=5 years. Among 70 patients with primary infection, 37% reported turtle exposure, of which 81% was to small turtles most commonly purchased from street vendors. A matched case-control study showed a significant association between illness and exposure to turtles (matched odds ratio [mOR] = 16.5). Increasing enforcement of existing local, state, and federal regulations against the sale of small turtles, increasing penalties for illegal sales, and enacting more state and local laws regulating the sale of small turtles (e.g., requiring Salmonella awareness education at the point-of-sale), could augment federal prevention efforts.
2008 年 9 月 4 日，费城公共卫生部（PDPH）和宾夕法尼亚州卫生部（PADOH）向疾控中心通报了一起可能与龟类相关的沙门氏菌感染暴发事件，该事件是通过在脉冲场凝胶电泳（PFGE）图谱相似的噬菌体型别鉴定出菌株而发现的。长期以来，龟类和其他爬行动物一直被认为是人类感染沙门氏菌的来源，自 1975 年以来，美国已经禁止销售或分发小型龟类（甲壳长度<4 英寸）。疾控中心以及州和地方卫生部门于 2008 年 9 月至 11 月期间开展了一项多州调查。本报告总结了该调查的结果，共在 25 个州和哥伦比亚特区发现了 135 例病例；45%的病例发生在年龄<或=5 岁的儿童中。在 70 例原发性感染患者中，37%报告了龟类接触史，其中 81%是从小型龟类购买者，这些龟类通常从街头小贩处购买。一项匹配病例对照研究表明，疾病与接触龟类之间存在显著关联（匹配比值比 [mOR] = 16.5）。加强对小型龟类销售的现有地方、州和联邦法规的执行力度，增加对非法销售的处罚力度，并制定更多的州和地方法律来规范小型龟类的销售（例如，在销售点进行沙门氏菌意识教育），这些措施可能会增强联邦预防工作。
