Rydlewska-Liszkowska Izabela
Instytut Medycyny Pracy im. prof. J. Nofera, Łódź, Zakład Polityki Zdrowotnej.
Med Pr. 2009;60(6):451-7.
The aim of the study was to analyze and compare economic incentives practices in occupational safety and health (OSH) in the chosen EU countries and the USA, based on expert judgment.
The information for the analysis was collected by using a questionnaire filled by experts from international organizations. It was supplemented by direct consultations with experts and experts' reports.
Economic incentives in OSH do exist in each country under study. The institutions engaged in providing economic incentives are as follows: social insurance, disability pension private insurance, state institutions supervising occupational health, health insurance, state institutions providing regulations, accident insurance. Experts evaluated the influence of state and insurance institutions on economic incentives promotion, as medium, and that of employers' organizations and trade unions as weak. They also confirmed a particular role of cost/benefit analysis.
Economic incentives are considered as a managerial instrument enabling individual and flexible health protection management at different levels in enterprises as opposed to the legislation that only provides for the observation of minimum standards. Economic incentives can be used faster and more effectively. Legal regulation is a slow process and proves to be a less effective tool.
本研究旨在基于专家判断，分析和比较选定的欧盟国家和美国在职业安全与健康（OSH）方面的经济激励措施。
分析所需信息通过国际组织专家填写的问卷收集，并辅以与专家的直接磋商和专家报告。
在所研究的每个国家，职业安全与健康方面确实存在经济激励措施。参与提供经济激励的机构如下：社会保险、伤残抚恤金、私人保险、监督职业健康的国家机构、健康保险、提供法规的国家机构、事故保险。专家评估国家和保险机构对促进经济激励的影响为中等，雇主组织和工会的影响为较弱。他们还确认了成本/效益分析的特殊作用。
经济激励被视为一种管理手段，与仅规定遵守最低标准的立法不同，它能在企业不同层面实现个性化和灵活的健康保护管理。经济激励可以更快、更有效地得到应用。法律监管是一个缓慢的过程，且证明是一种效果较差的工具。
