Department of Endocrinology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark.
Thyroid. 2010 Mar;20(3):291-300. doi: 10.1089/thy.2009.0340.
Exophthalmos associated with goiter and/or symptoms of hyperthyroidism have been known since antiquity. It was not until around 1800 that a number of studies described this disorder in more detail.
For many years the nature of the disease remained unclear and it was appreciated as either a cardiac or neurological disease. There was no agreement on treatment. Surgery on the thyroid, orbit, autonomous nerve system, and pituitary has been employed. Medical treatment was introduced around World War II. Later, as a consequence of the discovery of long-acting thyroid stimulator, it became apparent that Graves-Basedow's disease was an autoimmune disease and so was the exophthalmos, though many details of the pathophysiology remain in doubt.
This article presents a brief review of the history of the exophthalmos associated with thyroid disease.
甲状腺肿和/或甲状腺功能亢进症状相关的突眼症自古以来就为人所知。直到 1800 年左右，才有一些研究更详细地描述了这种疾病。
多年来，这种疾病的性质仍不清楚，人们认为它要么是一种心脏疾病，要么是一种神经系统疾病。治疗方法也没有达成共识。甲状腺、眼眶、自主神经系统和垂体都接受了手术治疗。二战前后引入了药物治疗。后来，随着长效甲状腺刺激物的发现，格雷夫斯眼病被认为是一种自身免疫性疾病，突眼症也是如此，尽管其病理生理学的许多细节仍存在疑问。
本文简要回顾了与甲状腺疾病相关的突眼症的历史。
