University of the Pacific, USA.
J Appl Behav Anal. 2009 Fall;42(3):609-25. doi: 10.1901/jaba.2009.42-609.
We conducted preference assessments with 4 typically developing children to identify potential reinforcers and assessed the reinforcing efficacy of those stimuli. Next, we tested two predictions of economic theory: that overall consumption (reinforcers obtained) would decrease as the unit price (response requirement per reinforcer) increased and that the cost and benefit components that defined unit price would not influence overall consumption considerably when unit price values were equal. We tested these predictions by arranging unit price such that the denominator was one (e.g., two responses produced one reinforcer) or two (e.g., four responses produced two reinforcers). Results showed that consumption decreased as unit price increased and that unit price values with different components produced similar consumption.
我们对 4 名典型发育儿童进行了偏好评估，以确定潜在的强化物，并评估了这些刺激的强化效果。接下来，我们检验了经济理论的两个预测：随着单位价格（每个强化物所需的反应要求）的增加，总消费（获得的强化物）会减少；并且当单位价格值相等时，定义单位价格的成本和收益成分不会对总消费产生重大影响。我们通过将单位价格安排为 1（例如，两个反应产生一个强化物）或 2（例如，四个反应产生两个强化物）来检验这些预测。结果表明，消费随着单位价格的增加而减少，并且具有不同成分的单位价格值产生相似的消费。
