Kitamura Tasuku, Imafuku Michio
Department of Zoology, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
Zoolog Sci. 2010 Mar;27(3):217-21. doi: 10.2108/zsj.27.217.
Batesian mimics gain protection from predation by their similarity to distasteful models. In butterflies, it has been thought that distasteful species and Batesian mimics fly slowly and in a straight line, but few studies have demonstrated their behavioral similarity, and no studies have been conducted on behavioral mimicry Involving Batesian intraspecific polymorphism. Here, we compared the wing stroke among various butterflies: palatable non-mimetic Papilio xuthus, unpalatable Pachliopta aristolochiae, and palatable polymorphic Papilio polytes (cyrus form, non-mimetic females; polytes form, Batesian mimetic females) to clarify whether the wing stroke of unpalatable butterflies is different from that of palatable species, whether that of the non-mimetic females of Pap. polytes is different from the mimetic females, and whether that of the mimetic females resembles that of the model. We found that the minimum positional angle (phi(min)) of Pach. aristolochiae and mimetic females of Pap. polytes was significantly larger than that of Pap. xuthus and non-mimetic females. We did not detect significant differences between that of Pach. aristolochiae and mimetic females of Pap. polytes. These results show that phi(min) differed between the mimicry group and palatable butterflies. In addition, the wingbeat frequency (WBF) of Pach. aristolochiae and mimetic females tended to differ from that of Pap. xuthus and non-mimetic females. This result suggests that there may be convergence of WBF in Batesian mimicry groups, as in the case of Müllerian mimicry groups, and serves as the first evidence of behavioral mimicry in Batesian intraspecific polymorphism.
贝氏拟态者通过与难吃的模型相似而获得免受捕食的保护。在蝴蝶中，人们一直认为难吃的物种和贝氏拟态者飞行缓慢且呈直线飞行，但很少有研究证明它们在行为上的相似性，并且尚未有关于涉及贝氏种内多态性的行为拟态的研究。在这里，我们比较了各种蝴蝶的翅膀 stroke：可口的非拟态柑橘凤蝶、难吃的金斑蝶以及可口的多态碧凤蝶（赛勒斯型，非拟态雌性；波吕克斯型，贝氏拟态雌性），以阐明难吃的蝴蝶的翅膀 stroke 是否与可口物种的不同，碧凤蝶的非拟态雌性的翅膀 stroke 是否与拟态雌性的不同，以及拟态雌性的翅膀 stroke 是否与模型的相似。我们发现，金斑蝶和碧凤蝶的拟态雌性的最小位置角（phi(min)）明显大于柑橘凤蝶和非拟态雌性。我们没有检测到金斑蝶和碧凤蝶的拟态雌性之间的显著差异。这些结果表明，拟态组和可口蝴蝶之间的 phi(min) 不同。此外，金斑蝶和拟态雌性的翅膀拍动频率（WBF）往往与柑橘凤蝶和非拟态雌性的不同。这一结果表明，在贝氏拟态组中可能存在与缪勒拟态组类似的 WBF 趋同现象，这是贝氏种内多态性中行为拟态的首个证据。
