Joslin Diabetes Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2010 Apr;6(4):195-213. doi: 10.1038/nrendo.2010.20. Epub 2010 Mar 2.
Humans and other mammals have three main adipose tissue depots: visceral white adipose tissue, subcutaneous white adipose tissue and brown adipose tissue, each of which possesses unique cell-autonomous properties. In contrast to visceral adipose tissue, which can induce detrimental metabolic effects, subcutaneous white adipose tissue and brown adipose tissue have the potential to benefit metabolism by improving glucose homeostasis and increasing energy consumption. In addition, adipose tissue contains adipose-derived stem cells, which possess the ability to differentiate into multiple lineages, a property that might be of value for the repair or replacement of various damaged cell types. Adipose tissue transplantation has primarily been used as a tool to study physiology and for human reconstructive surgery. Transplantation of adipose tissue is, however, now being explored as a possible tool to promote the beneficial metabolic effects of subcutaneous white adipose tissue and brown adipose tissue, as well as adipose-derived stem cells. Ultimately, the clinical applicability of adipose tissue transplantation for the treatment of obesity and metabolic disorders will reside in the achievable level of safety, reliability and efficacy compared with other treatments.
内脏白色脂肪组织、皮下白色脂肪组织和棕色脂肪组织，每个组织都具有独特的细胞自主特性。与内脏脂肪组织不同，内脏脂肪组织可能会引发有害的代谢效应，皮下白色脂肪组织和棕色脂肪组织具有通过改善葡萄糖稳态和增加能量消耗来有益于代谢的潜力。此外，脂肪组织包含脂肪来源的干细胞，这些干细胞具有分化为多个谱系的能力，这一特性可能对修复或替代各种受损细胞类型具有价值。脂肪组织移植主要被用作研究生理学和进行人体重建手术的工具。然而，脂肪组织的移植现在正被探索作为一种可能的工具，以促进皮下白色脂肪组织和棕色脂肪组织以及脂肪来源的干细胞的有益代谢效应。最终，与其他治疗方法相比，脂肪组织移植治疗肥胖症和代谢紊乱的临床适用性将取决于安全性、可靠性和疗效的可实现水平。
