Health risk appraisal: how sharp is this tool in shaping employee behavior?

(1) Voluntary HRA participants are more likely to be women, enrolled in consumer-driven health plans, and have fewer chronic conditions. (2) Employees who participate in HRAs experience increased utilization and spending n health services (office visits and prescription drugs) relative to those not offered an HRA through their health plan. (3) Though HRAs have been show to increase use of medical services, they are unlikely the sole solution to engaging consumers in their health.