School of Medicine, Health Policy & Practice, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom.
Am J Clin Nutr. 2010 May;91(5):1484S-1491S. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.2010.28674J. Epub 2010 Mar 3.
Information on selenium bioavailability is required to derive dietary recommendations and to evaluate and improve the quality of food products. The need for robust data is particularly important in light of recent suggestions of potential health benefits associated with different intakes of selenium. The issue is not straightforward, however, because of large variations in the selenium content of foods (determined by a combination of geologic/environmental factors and selenium supplementation of fertilizers and animal feedstuffs) and the chemical forms of the element, which are absorbed and metabolized differently. Although most dietary selenium is absorbed efficiently, the retention of organic forms is higher than that of inorganic forms. There are also complications in the assessment and quantification of selenium species within foodstuffs. Often, extraction is only partial, and the process can alter the form or forms present in the food. Efforts to improve, standardize, and make more widely available techniques for species quantification are required. Similarly, reliable and sensitive functional biomarkers of selenium status are required, together with improvements in current biomarker methods. This requirement is particularly important for the assessment of bioavailability, because some functional biomarkers respond differently to the various selenium species. The effect of genotype adds a potential further dimension to the process of deriving bioavailability estimates and underlines the need for further research to facilitate the process of deriving dietary recommendations in the future.
需要有关硒生物利用度的信息，以便制定膳食建议，并评估和改善食品质量。鉴于最近有研究表明，不同硒摄入量可能对健康有益，因此，需要有可靠的数据来支持这些建议。然而，由于食物中的硒含量（由地质/环境因素和肥料及动物饲料中硒的补充决定）以及元素的化学形态存在很大差异，这些化学形态的硒的吸收和代谢方式也不同，因此问题并不简单。虽然大多数膳食硒的吸收率很高，但有机形式的硒的保留率高于无机形式的硒。在评估和量化食品中的硒形态时，也存在一些复杂情况。通常，提取并不完全，而且这个过程可能会改变食物中存在的形态或形式。需要努力改进、标准化并更广泛地应用物种定量技术。同样，需要可靠和敏感的硒状态功能生物标志物，以及改进当前的生物标志物方法。对于生物利用度的评估，这一要求尤为重要，因为一些功能生物标志物对各种硒形态的反应不同。基因型的影响为推导生物利用度估计值的过程增加了一个潜在的维度，并强调需要进一步研究，以促进未来制定膳食建议的过程。
