Iliukhin V I, Senina T V, Trushkina M N, Shubnikova E V, Antonov Iu V, Andropova N V
Antibiot Khimioter. 2009;54(7-8):19-23.
Among the known species of Burkholderia only two are obligate pathogens, i.e., B. mallei and B. pseudomallei, causative agents of glanders and melioidosis respectively. The other species are saprophytes as natural inhabitants of water reservoirs and soil, still capable of causing opportunistic infections in humans and animals under definite conditions. All the species of Burkholderia are characterized by high resistance to antibacterials, including antibiotics. By the MICs, the most efficient chemotherapeutics against pathogenic burkholderias are tetracyclines, fluoroquinolones, penems and combined sulfanilamides. In the treatment of experimental glanders and melioidosis the set of the effective drugs had the inverse variation dependence on the infection severity and the desease process rate. Co-trimoxasole showed the best results, then followed doxicycline, ciprofioxacin and ceftazidime in the diminishing succession. The modification of the method for determination of antibiotic susceptibility with addition of native blood to the medium and the subculture under the atmosphere of 5% CO2 was shown useful in estimation of the prospects of the use of chemotherapeutics for the treatment of Burkholderia infections.
在已知的伯克霍尔德菌属物种中，只有两种是专性病原菌，即鼻疽伯克霍尔德菌和类鼻疽伯克霍尔德菌，分别是鼻疽和类鼻疽的病原体。其他物种是腐生菌，作为水库和土壤的天然栖息者，在一定条件下仍能引起人类和动物的机会性感染。所有伯克霍尔德菌属物种的特点是对包括抗生素在内的抗菌药物具有高度抗性。就最低抑菌浓度而言，针对致病性伯克霍尔德菌最有效的化疗药物是四环素、氟喹诺酮类、青霉烯类和复方磺胺类。在实验性鼻疽和类鼻疽的治疗中，有效药物的组合与感染严重程度和疾病进程速率呈反向变化关系。复方新诺明显示出最佳效果，其次是多西环素、环丙沙星和头孢他啶，依次递减。在培养基中添加新鲜血液并在5%二氧化碳气氛下传代培养的抗生素敏感性测定方法的改进，被证明有助于评估化疗药物用于治疗伯克霍尔德菌感染的前景。
