Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience & Human Behavior, University of California at Los Angeles, 760 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, California 90024-1759, USA.
CNS Neurol Disord Drug Targets. 2010 Mar;9(1):87-93. doi: 10.2174/187152710790966713.
Nociceptin (known also as orphanin FQ) is the most recently discovered member of the endogenous opioid peptide family, albeit nearly 15 years ago. Nociceptin renders or influences many behavioral, psychological and neurobiological processes, including memory, anxiety, stress and reward. Since its discovery, results of a steady stream of studies have suggested that endogenous nociceptin might be involved in responses to addictive drugs, and that targeting the nociceptin system may be beneficial in treating addictions. The current review summarizes and critically appraises those studies, particularly those that point to an application in treating alcoholism. Overall, most, studies suggest that the endogenous nociceptin system has a physiological role in mediating or regulating behavioral responses to alcohol, and that activating nociceptin receptors suppresses ongoing alcohol consumption or reinstatement of responding for alcohol. These findings encourage the development of therapies targeted at the nociceptin system for the treatment of alcoholism in humans, though a minor number of studies showing continuous activation of the nociceptin receptor can produce increased, rather than reduced, alcohol consumption emphasize the necessity of further investigation.
孤啡肽（又称为 nociceptin）是内源性阿片肽家族中最近发现的成员，尽管它已经存在了将近 15 年。孤啡肽会影响许多行为、心理和神经生物学过程，包括记忆、焦虑、压力和奖励。自发现以来，源源不断的研究结果表明，内源性孤啡肽可能与成瘾药物的反应有关，针对孤啡肽系统可能有助于治疗成瘾。本综述总结和批判性地评价了这些研究，特别是那些指向治疗酒精中毒应用的研究。总的来说，大多数研究表明，内源性孤啡肽系统在调节或调节对酒精的行为反应方面具有生理作用，激活孤啡肽受体可抑制持续的酒精消费或重新引发对酒精的反应。这些发现鼓励针对人类酒精中毒开发针对孤啡肽系统的治疗方法，尽管少数研究表明持续激活孤啡肽受体可能会导致酒精消费增加，而不是减少，这强调了进一步研究的必要性。
