Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
Trends Parasitol. 2010 Apr;26(4):190-6. doi: 10.1016/j.pt.2010.01.009. Epub 2010 Mar 2.
Toxoplasma gondii is a parasite of birds and mammals. Cats are the only definitive host and thus the only source of infective oocysts, but other mammals and birds can develop tissue cysts. Although feline infections are typically asymptomatic, infection during human pregnancy can cause severe disease in the fetus. Cat owners can reduce their pets' exposure risk by keeping all cats indoors and not feeding them raw meat. Humans usually become infected through ingestion of oocyst-contaminated soil and water, tissue cysts in undercooked meat, or congenitally. Because of their fastidious nature, the passing of non-infective oocysts, and the short duration of oocyst shedding, direct contact with cats is not thought to be a primary risk for human infection.
刚地弓形虫是一种鸟类和哺乳动物寄生虫。猫是唯一的终宿主，也是唯一具有感染性卵囊的来源，但其他哺乳动物和鸟类也可以形成组织包囊。虽然猫的感染通常无症状，但在人类怀孕期间感染可能会导致胎儿严重疾病。猫主人可以通过让所有猫都在室内并避免喂食生肉来降低宠物的暴露风险。人类通常通过摄入被卵囊污染的土壤和水、未煮熟的肉中的组织包囊或先天性感染而感染。由于其挑剔的特性、非感染性卵囊的传播以及卵囊脱落的持续时间短，与猫的直接接触被认为不是人类感染的主要风险。
