Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, Amistad Research Building, 10 Amistad Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
Cardiovasc Res. 2010 May 1;86(2):219-25. doi: 10.1093/cvr/cvq075. Epub 2010 Mar 3.
Caveolae are specialized lipid rafts that form flask-shaped invaginations of the plasma membrane. They are involved in cell signalling and transport and have been shown critically regulate vascular reactivity and blood pressure. The organization and functions of caveolae are mediated by coat proteins (caveolins) and support or adapter proteins (cavins). The caveolins, caveolin-1, -2, and -3, form the structural backbone of caveolae. These proteins are also highly integrated into caveolae function and have their own activity independent of caveolae. The cavins, cavins 1-4, are involved in regulation of caveolae and modulate the function of caveolins by promoting the membrane remodelling and trafficking of caveolin-derived structures. The relationships between these different proteins are complex and intersect with many aspects of cell function. Caveolae have also been implicated in chronic inflammatory conditions and other pathologies including atherosclerosis, inflammatory bowel disease, muscular dystrophy, and generalized dyslipidaemia. The pathogenic role of the caveolins is an emerging area, however, the roles of cavins in disease is just beginning to be explored. This review will examine the relationship between caveolins and cavins and explore the role of caveolae in inflammatory signalling mechanisms.
小窝是一种特殊的脂质筏，它们形成质膜的烧瓶状凹陷。它们参与细胞信号转导和运输，并且已经被证明可以严格调节血管反应性和血压。小窝的组织和功能由外套蛋白（小窝蛋白）和支持或衔接蛋白（小窝蛋白）介导。小窝蛋白，小窝蛋白-1、-2 和-3，构成小窝的结构骨架。这些蛋白质也高度整合到小窝的功能中，并且具有独立于小窝的自身活性。小窝蛋白，小窝蛋白 1-4，参与小窝的调节，并通过促进小窝蛋白衍生结构的膜重塑和运输来调节小窝蛋白的功能。这些不同蛋白质之间的关系非常复杂，并与细胞功能的许多方面相交。小窝也与慢性炎症状态和其他病理学有关，包括动脉粥样硬化、炎症性肠病、肌肉营养不良和全身性血脂异常。小窝蛋白的致病作用是一个新兴领域，然而，小窝蛋白在疾病中的作用才刚刚开始被探索。这篇综述将研究小窝蛋白和小窝蛋白之间的关系，并探讨小窝在炎症信号机制中的作用。
