Steffen Thomas, Luechinger Roger, Wildermuth Simon, Kern Christian, Fretz Christian, Lange Jochen, Hetzer Franc H
Department of Surgery, Hospital of the Canton of St Gallen (KSSG), CH-9007 St Gallen, Switzerland.
Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University and ETH Zurich, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland.
Patient Saf Surg. 2010 Feb 2;4(1):2. doi: 10.1186/1754-9493-4-2.
Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) devices are becoming more and more essential for patient safety in hospitals. The purpose of this study was to determine patient safety, data reliability and signal loss wearing on skin RFID devices during magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) scanning.
Sixty RFID tags of the type I-Code SLI, 13.56 MHz, ISO 18000-3.1 were tested: Thirty type 1, an RFID tag with a 76 x 45 mm aluminum-etched antenna and 30 type 2, a tag with a 31 x 14 mm copper-etched antenna. The signal loss, material movement and heat tests were performed in a 1.5 T and a 3 T MR system. For data integrity, the tags were tested additionally during CT scanning. Standardized function tests were performed with all transponders before and after all imaging studies.
There was no memory loss or data alteration in the RFID tags after MRI and CT scanning. Concerning heating (a maximum of 3.6 degrees C) and device movement (below 1 N/kg) no relevant influence was found. Concerning signal loss (artifacts 2 - 4 mm), interpretability of MR images was impaired when superficial structures such as skin, subcutaneous tissues or tendons were assessed.
Patients wearing RFID wristbands are safe in 1.5 T and 3 T MR scanners using normal operation mode for RF-field. The findings are specific to the RFID tags that underwent testing.
射频识别（RFID）设备对医院患者安全变得越来越重要。本研究的目的是确定在磁共振成像（MRI）和计算机断层扫描（CT）期间佩戴在皮肤上的RFID设备的患者安全性、数据可靠性和信号损失情况。
测试了60个I-Code SLI型、13.56 MHz、ISO 18000-3.1的RFID标签：30个1型，一个带有76×45毫米铝蚀刻天线的RFID标签和30个2型，一个带有31×14毫米铜蚀刻天线的标签。在1.5 T和3 T MR系统中进行信号损失、材料移动和热测试。为了数据完整性，在CT扫描期间额外测试了标签。在所有成像研究之前和之后，对所有应答器进行标准化功能测试。
MRI和CT扫描后，RFID标签没有内存丢失或数据改变。关于加热（最高3.6摄氏度）和设备移动（低于1 N/kg），未发现相关影响。关于信号损失（伪影2 - 4毫米），当评估皮肤、皮下组织或肌腱等浅表结构时，MR图像的可解释性受到损害。
佩戴RFID腕带的患者在1.5 T和3 T MR扫描仪中使用正常射频场操作模式是安全的。这些发现特定于所测试的RFID标签。
