Chevreuil Claire, Polard Elisabeth, Gicquel Gaëlle, Frémaux Tanya, Bentué-Ferrer Danièle
Service de Psychiatrie Infanto-Juvénile, CH Guillaume Régnier, Rennes, France.
Therapie. 2010 Jan-Feb;65(1):1-12. doi: 10.2515/therapie/2010001. Epub 2010 Mar 8.
Sleep disturbances are frequent in children and adolescents with psychiatric disorders nevertheless there are few drugs available to treat them. Only certain antihistaminic H1 have the marketing authorization for treatment of childhood insomnia. Very few studies have been made in children about the hypnotics that are most widely used in adult patients: zopiclone, zolpidem and the hypnotic benzodiazepines. However, melatonin has recently become the most studied hypnotic drug in children since the marketing of a sustained-released form gave it the status of a drug and improved its pharmacokinetic properties. In child psychiatry, pharmacological treatment of insomnia should be considered in patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in which sleep disturbances can be aggravated by psycho stimulant treatment, in autism spectrum disorders, and in the anxiety/depression.
睡眠障碍在患有精神疾病的儿童和青少年中很常见，然而，可用于治疗睡眠障碍的药物却很少。只有某些抗组胺H1药物获得了治疗儿童失眠的上市许可。针对成人患者中使用最广泛的催眠药（佐匹克隆、唑吡坦和催眠苯二氮䓬类药物），针对儿童开展的研究极少。然而，自从一种缓释剂型上市赋予其药物地位并改善了其药代动力学特性以来，褪黑素最近已成为儿童中研究最多的催眠药物。在儿童精神病学中，对于患有注意力缺陷多动障碍（其中睡眠障碍可能因精神兴奋剂治疗而加重）、自闭症谱系障碍以及焦虑/抑郁的患者，应考虑对失眠进行药物治疗。
