Kiewra Dorota, Lonc Elzbieta, Rydzanicz Katarzyna
Zakład Ekologii Drobnoustrojów i Ochrony Srodowiska, Instytut Genetyki i Mikrobiologii, Uniwersytet Wrocławski, ul. Przybyszewskiego 63/77, 51-148 Wrocław.
Wiad Parazytol. 2009;55(4):399-404.
While the mapping of health data is not new for epidemiologists the incorporation of differentiated environmental factors, e.g., temperature, rainfall, humidity, elevation, vegetation type, host abundance and distribution, zoonotic reservoirs of infection can create a new opportunities for parasitologists. Suitable tools for spatial modeling of health problems and pathogen occurrence in space and time are provided by geographic information system (GIS). It is computer-based system which integrates, storages, edits, analyses, shares and displays information. This software system is based on connection between information--data and their location. GIS applications allow users to create interactive queries, analyze spatial information, edit data and maps. GIS is very useful to define the habitats of parasites, especially for the ticks which are strong depended on environmental conditions. Mapping not only enables to create maps based on field monitoring but also to create forecasting maps for prevention and control strategies on small and large scale. Up to now ticks and tick-borne diseases (TBD) having strong relationship with the ecosystem are highly amenable to predictive mapping. The aim of study is the characterization of procedural steps with regard to entering field environmental data to GIS database and their visualization on digital maps. The field date of tick monitoring conducted in April 2008 in the Wrocław area (the Osobowicki Forest) made possible to create digital database. ArcView as one of three separate software products of ArcGIS (a scalable framework for implementing GIS) was used to create an interactive maps. Visualization of the data which are stored in tables of attributes made possible to show legibly the distribution of I. ricinus on the analysed area. Mapping of I. ricinus occurrence on digital maps enable to indicate areas of the highest risk of biting and potential tick-borne diseases.
虽然健康数据的映射对流行病学家来说并不新鲜，但纳入差异化的环境因素，如温度、降雨量、湿度、海拔、植被类型、宿主丰度和分布、人畜共患感染源，可为寄生虫学家创造新的机会。地理信息系统（GIS）提供了适用于健康问题以及病原体在空间和时间上出现情况的空间建模工具。它是一个基于计算机的系统，可集成、存储、编辑、分析、共享和显示信息。该软件系统基于信息——数据与其位置之间的关联。GIS应用程序允许用户创建交互式查询、分析空间信息、编辑数据和地图。GIS对于定义寄生虫的栖息地非常有用，特别是对于严重依赖环境条件的蜱虫。映射不仅能够基于实地监测创建地图，还能创建用于小规模和大规模预防与控制策略的预测地图。到目前为止，与生态系统有密切关系的蜱虫和蜱传疾病（TBD）非常适合进行预测性映射。本研究的目的是描述将实地环境数据输入GIS数据库的程序步骤及其在数字地图上的可视化。2008年4月在弗罗茨瓦夫地区（奥索博维茨基森林）进行的蜱虫监测实地数据使得创建数字数据库成为可能。ArcView作为ArcGIS（一个用于实施GIS的可扩展框架）的三个独立软件产品之一，被用于创建交互式地图。存储在属性表中的数据可视化使得能够清晰地显示蓖麻硬蜱在分析区域的分布。在数字地图上绘制蓖麻硬蜱的出现情况能够指示叮咬风险最高的区域以及潜在的蜱传疾病。
