Martens C H, Ross L E, Mundt J C
Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison 53706.
Accid Anal Prev. 1991 Feb;23(1):67-76. doi: 10.1016/0001-4575(91)90036-5.
Ninety-six college students, 18-20 years of age, were selected from three drinking categories (abstain-light, moderate, and heavy) based on their self-reported drinking habits. Subjects rated the relative importance of three driving components (attention, control/maneuvering, and emergency responses) for safe driving and the impairment each component and overall driving ability would sustain after driver drinking. Impairment ratings were made of the effects of drinking the number of drinks that would have resulted in the rater having blood alcohol concentrations (BACs) of .05%, .10%, and .15%. Subjects also estimated the number of drinks that they could consume in one hour and then safely drive after after different time periods, the time they should wait before driving after drinking various amounts of alcohol, and the number of beer, wine, wine cooler, and whiskey drinks that would cause them to reach a .10% BAC. While the driving components were rated to be of approximately equal importance for safe driving, the emergency responses component was judged to be more impaired following alcohol consumption than any of the other components, or overall driving ability. Heavy drinkers judged that there was significantly less driving impairment due to alcohol than did light or moderate drinkers in the case of overall driving ability and all of the driving components except emergency responses. Heavy drinkers also judged it safe to consume a number of drinks before driving that would result in higher mean BACs than those of light and moderate drinkers. Both drinking category and gender differences were found in the estimated BAC values that would have occurred at the time of driving after waiting periods judged by subjects to be sufficient for safe driving.
根据自我报告的饮酒习惯，从三类饮酒者（戒酒者 - 轻度饮酒者、中度饮酒者和重度饮酒者）中选取了96名18至20岁的大学生。受试者对安全驾驶的三个驾驶要素（注意力、控制/操纵和应急反应）的相对重要性进行了评分，并对饮酒后每个要素以及整体驾驶能力所受到的损害进行了评估。损害评分是基于饮用不同数量的酒所产生的影响，这些酒量会导致评分者的血液酒精浓度（BAC）分别达到0.05%、0.10%和0.15%。受试者还估计了他们在一小时内可以饮用并在不同时间段后仍能安全驾驶的酒量、饮酒后应该等待多长时间才能开车以及饮用多少啤酒、葡萄酒、果味葡萄酒和威士忌会使他们的BAC达到0.10%。虽然驾驶要素被认为对安全驾驶的重要性大致相等，但饮酒后应急反应要素被判定比其他任何要素或整体驾驶能力受到的损害更大。在整体驾驶能力以及除应急反应外的所有驾驶要素方面，重度饮酒者认为酒精对驾驶的损害明显小于轻度或中度饮酒者。重度饮酒者还认为在驾驶前饮用一定数量的酒是安全的，这些酒量会导致平均BAC高于轻度和中度饮酒者。在受试者认为足以安全驾驶的等待时间后驾驶时，估计的BAC值存在饮酒类别和性别差异。
