Division of Hematology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Curr Opin Hematol. 2010 May;17(3):155-62. doi: 10.1097/MOH.0b013e328337ba6c.
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, noncoding RNAs that regulate protein synthesis posttranscriptionally. Although they were discovered only about 15 years ago, it is now clear that miRNAs participate in the formation and function of virtually all vertebrate tissues. Moreover, dysregulation of miRNAs contributes to numerous diseases, including cancer. Here, we review the field of miRNA biology, emphasizing its impact on erythropoiesis.
Genetic disruption of global miRNA synthesis in hematopoietic tissues causes anemia with blocked erythropoiesis. Current research focuses on identifying specific miRNAs and associated genetic pathways that modulate normal and pathological erythroid development. In parallel, new technologies to examine and manipulate miRNAs, both as research tools and as therapeutic targets, are emerging rapidly.
The field of miRNA biology is evolving and expanding at a remarkable pace. Continued research into how miRNAs impact erythropoiesis will advance our basic understanding of this process and perhaps provide new insights into diagnosing and treating erythrocyte disorders.
微小 RNA（miRNA）是一种小型非编码 RNA，可在后转录水平调节蛋白质合成。尽管 miRNA 大约是在 15 年前才被发现，但现在已经很清楚，miRNA 参与了几乎所有脊椎动物组织的形成和功能。此外，miRNA 的失调会导致许多疾病，包括癌症。在这里，我们综述 miRNA 生物学领域，重点介绍其对红细胞生成的影响。
在造血组织中遗传破坏 miRNA 的整体合成会导致红细胞生成受阻的贫血。目前的研究重点是确定特定的 miRNA 及其相关的遗传途径，以调节正常和病理红细胞的发育。与此同时，新的技术正在迅速涌现，用于研究和操纵 miRNA，无论是作为研究工具还是治疗靶点。
miRNA 生物学领域正在以惊人的速度发展和扩展。对 miRNA 如何影响红细胞生成的持续研究将增进我们对这一过程的基本理解，并可能为诊断和治疗红细胞疾病提供新的见解。
