Henning Andreas, Hein Stephanie, Schneider Marc, Bur Michael, Lehr Claus-Michael
Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.
Handb Exp Pharmacol. 2010(197):171-92. doi: 10.1007/978-3-642-00477-3_6.
Mankind has inhaled substances for medical and other reasons for thousands of years, notably resulting in the cultural manifestations of tobacco and opium smoking. Over the course of time concepts of pulmonary application, including inhalation devices and drug formulations, have been and still are being continuously developed. State of the art instruments even allow for individualized drug application by adaptation of the inhalation procedure to the breathing pattern of the patient. Pulmonary drug delivery offers promising advantages in comparison to "classical" drug administration via the oral or transcutaneous routes, which is also reflected by an increasing interest and number of marketed products for inhalation therapy. However, the lungs' efficient clearance mechanisms still limit the benefit of many therapeutic concepts. In consequence the objective of current research and development in pulmonary drug delivery is to overcome and to control drug clearance from the intended target site. Here, several of the most auspicious future drug delivery concepts are presented and discussed in order to give the reader an insight into this emerging field of medicine.
数千年来，人类出于医疗和其他原因吸入各种物质，尤其导致了吸烟和吸食鸦片等文化现象。随着时间的推移，肺部给药的概念，包括吸入装置和药物制剂，一直在不断发展，并且仍在持续发展。目前的先进仪器甚至能够通过根据患者的呼吸模式调整吸入程序来实现个体化给药。与通过口服或经皮途径的“传统”给药方式相比，肺部给药具有显著优势，这也体现在对吸入疗法的兴趣日益增加以及市场上相关产品数量不断增多。然而，肺部高效的清除机制仍然限制了许多治疗理念的益处。因此，当前肺部给药研发的目标是克服并控制药物从预期靶点的清除。在此，将介绍并讨论几种最有前景的未来药物递送概念，以便让读者深入了解这一新兴医学领域。
