Yakima Agricultural Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Wapato, WA 98951, USA.
Pest Manag Sci. 2010 Jul;66(7):709-17. doi: 10.1002/ps.1932.
Studies surveyed the toxicity of several insecticides against adult codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.), and examined the field effectiveness of applying low-volume (12 L ha(-1)) sprays alone or in combination with a microencapsulated (MEC) sex pheromone formulation.
Neonicotinyls, organophosphates and synthetic pyrethroids significantly reduced fecundity at concentrations nearly 100-fold lower than their maximum labeled field rate. Field studies in 2005 demonstrated that six applications of esfenvalerate resulted in > 90% reduction in fruit injury versus the untreated check. The addition of the MEC pheromone formulation did not further improve control. Five sprays of esfenvalerate, phosmet and acetamiprid all significantly reduced levels of fruit injury compared with the untreated control in 2006. Esfenvalerate and acetamiprid mixed with the MEC pheromone significantly reduced fruit injury compared with the MEC-only treatment. Significant increases in pest and decreases in predator mite densities occurred in plots treated with esfenvalerate in both years. Low-volume sprays of phosmet and acetamiprid did not disrupt mites.
Low-volume insecticide sprays can effectively manage codling moth and are less disruptive of integrated mite management. Developing an effective 'attract and kill' technology with this approach will require optimization of the attractant(s) to maximize moth exposure to insecticide residues.
研究调查了几种杀虫剂对苹果蠹蛾成虫的毒性，并检验了单独或与微胶囊（MEC）性信息素制剂联合使用低容量（12 L/ha）喷雾的田间效果。
新烟碱类、有机磷和合成拟除虫菊酯在浓度接近其最大标签田间用量的 100 倍时，显著降低了产卵量。2005 年的田间研究表明，与未处理的对照相比，六个应用溴氰虫酰胺的处理可使果实损伤减少>90%。添加 MEC 性信息素制剂并没有进一步改善防治效果。2006 年，溴氰虫酰胺、毒死蜱和噻虫胺的五次喷雾处理均显著降低了果实损伤水平，与未处理的对照相比。溴氰虫酰胺和噻虫胺与 MEC 性信息素混合处理显著降低了果实损伤水平，与仅用 MEC 处理相比。在溴氰虫酰胺处理的两年中，害虫和捕食性螨虫的密度都显著增加。低容量的毒死蜱和噻虫胺喷雾处理不会破坏螨虫。
低容量的杀虫剂喷雾可以有效地防治苹果蠹蛾，对综合螨管理的干扰较小。通过这种方法开发有效的“引诱和杀死”技术，需要优化引诱剂，以最大限度地提高蛾对杀虫剂残留的暴露。
