Zhu H, Derksen R C, Krause C R, Zondag R H
USDA/ARS Application Technology Research Unit, Wooster, Ohio, USA.
Commun Agric Appl Biol Sci. 2009;74(1):25-36.
Information is lacking on spray techniques to reduce off-target loss on the ground and via spray drift from the treated area in nursery applications. Airborne deposits at three elevations on sampling towers and on the ground at several distances from the sprayer were investigated with the three spray treatments in an open field without crops. Tests were conducted with an air blast sprayer equipped with conventional hollow cone nozzles (HC), low drift nozzles (AI), and conventional hollow cone nozzles with a drift retardant (HCDR) in an open field without crops. To compare field test results, wind tunnel experiments were conducted to assess spray deposits on the floor beyond 0.4 m downwind distance from the nozzles and airborne deposits at 2.1 m downwind from the spray discharge point with the three spray techniques. Droplet size distributions across spray patterns were measured with a laser particle/droplet image analysis system. There was no significant difference in airborne deposits for the three elevations at both 15 and 30 m downwind from the sprayer between AI and HC methods except for 3.05 m elevation at the 15 m distance although the average airborne deposits with AI were lower than that with HC. The downwind spray deposits on the ground at 15 and 30 m from the sprayer with AI were higher than that with HC and HCDR. Compared with conventional hollow cone nozzles, drift reduction from air induction nozzles or the spray mixture with drift retardant was significant in wind tunnel tests but was not significant in field tests.
关于在苗圃应用中减少地面非靶标损失以及通过喷雾漂移从处理区域造成的非靶标损失的喷雾技术，目前信息匮乏。在没有作物的开阔田地里，采用三种喷雾处理方式，对采样塔三个高度以及距喷雾器不同距离处地面上的空中沉积物进行了研究。使用配备常规空心锥喷嘴（HC）、低漂移喷嘴（AI）和带有漂移抑制剂的常规空心锥喷嘴（HCDR）的风送式喷雾器，在没有作物的开阔田地里进行了试验。为了比较田间试验结果，进行了风洞试验，以评估三种喷雾技术在距喷嘴顺风距离0.4米以外的地面上的喷雾沉积物以及在喷雾排放点顺风2.1米处的空中沉积物。使用激光粒子/液滴图像分析系统测量了整个喷雾模式下的液滴尺寸分布。在距喷雾器顺风15米和30米处，除了15米距离处3.05米高度外，AI和HC方法在三个高度处的空中沉积物没有显著差异，尽管AI的平均空中沉积物低于HC。在距喷雾器顺风15米和30米处，地面上AI的顺风喷雾沉积物高于HC和HCDR。与常规空心锥喷嘴相比，在风洞试验中，空气诱导喷嘴或带有漂移抑制剂的喷雾混合物减少漂移效果显著，但在田间试验中不显著。
