Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia.
Endocrinology. 2010 May;151(5):2331-42. doi: 10.1210/en.2009-1255. Epub 2010 Mar 10.
The glioma pathogenesis-related 1 (GLIPR1) family consists of three genes [GLIPR1, GLIPR1-like 1 (GLIPR1L1), and GLIPR1-like 2 (GLIPR1L2)] and forms a distinct subgroup within the cysteine-rich secretory protein (CRISP), antigen 5, and pathogenesis-related 1 (CAP) superfamily. CAP superfamily proteins are found in phyla ranging from plants to humans and, based largely on expression and limited functional studies, are hypothesized to have roles in carcinogenesis, immunity, cell adhesion, and male fertility. Specifically data from a number of systems suggests that sequences within the C-terminal CAP domain of CAP proteins have the ability to promote cell-cell adhesion. Herein we cloned mouse Glipr1l1 and have shown it has a testis-enriched expression profile. GLIPR1L1 is posttranslationally modified by N-linked glycosylation during spermatogenesis and ultimately becomes localized to the connecting piece of elongated spermatids and sperm. After sperm capacitation, however, GLIPR1L1 is also localized to the anterior regions of the sperm head. Zona pellucida binding assays indicate that GLIPR1L1 has a role in the binding of sperm to the zona pellucida surrounding the oocyte. These data suggest that, along with other members of the CAP superfamily and several other proteins, GLIPR1L1 is involved in the binding of sperm to the oocyte complex. Collectively these data further strengthen the role of CAP domain-containing proteins in cellular adhesion and propose a mechanism whereby CAP proteins show overlapping functional significance during fertilization.
神经胶质瘤发病相关蛋白 1 (GLIPR1) 家族由三个基因[GLIPR1、GLIPR1 样蛋白 1(GLIPR1L1)和 GLIPR1 样蛋白 2(GLIPR1L2)]组成，在富含半胱氨酸的分泌蛋白 (CRISP)、抗原 5 和发病相关蛋白 1 (CAP) 超家族中形成一个独特的亚群。CAP 超家族蛋白存在于从植物到人类的各个门，主要基于表达和有限的功能研究，假设它们在肿瘤发生、免疫、细胞黏附和男性生育力中发挥作用。具体来说，来自多个系统的数据表明，CAP 蛋白的 C 端 CAP 结构域内的序列具有促进细胞间黏附的能力。在此，我们克隆了小鼠 Glipr1l1，并表明它在睾丸中有丰富的表达谱。GLIPR1L1 在精子发生过程中通过 N 连接糖基化进行翻译后修饰，最终定位于伸长精子和精子的连接段。然而，在精子获能后，GLIPR1L1 也定位于精子头部的前区。透明带结合实验表明，GLIPR1L1 在精子与卵母细胞周围透明带的结合中起作用。这些数据表明，GLIPR1L1 与 CAP 超家族的其他成员和其他几种蛋白一起，参与了精子与卵母细胞复合体的结合。这些数据进一步证实了 CAP 结构域蛋白在细胞黏附中的作用，并提出了一种机制，即 CAP 蛋白在受精过程中具有重叠的功能意义。
