Murphy Fiona, Byrne Gobnait
School of Nursing and Midwifery, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland.
Br J Nurs. 2010;19(3):146-52. doi: 10.12968/bjon.2010.19.3.46534.
Acute kidney injury can occur with patients within the hospital and within the community setting. The term acute kidney injury replaces the previous recognized term acute renal failure in the literature and uses two internationally recognized classification systems. The causes of acute kidney injury remain the same, pre renal failure, intra renal (intrinsic), or post renal failure. The nursing care of acute kidney injury is challenging and multifaceted as the patient can be critically ill and requires constant monitoring. It is therefore vital that nurses understand what acute kidney injury is, and the management of it in order to deliver holistic care to the patient concerned.
急性肾损伤可发生在医院内的患者以及社区环境中的患者身上。术语“急性肾损伤”取代了文献中先前公认的术语“急性肾衰竭”，并采用了两种国际公认的分类系统。急性肾损伤的病因保持不变，即肾前性肾衰竭、肾内（固有）性肾衰竭或肾后性肾衰竭。急性肾损伤的护理具有挑战性且涉及多方面，因为患者可能病情危急，需要持续监测。因此，护士了解什么是急性肾损伤及其管理方法，以便为相关患者提供整体护理至关重要。
