UFR STAPS, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France.
J Sci Med Sport. 2010 Nov;13(6):613-7. doi: 10.1016/j.jsams.2010.01.002. Epub 2010 Mar 12.
This study investigated the influence of performance level and exercise mode on the rowers' pacing strategies. On-water and indoor split times and placements (every 500-m) were obtained from individual 2000-m performances set at the elite, national and sub-elite competitive levels. The data was sorted into indoor (n=580) and on-water exercises (n=507). Indoor and on-water strategies statistically differed, whatever the competition level (p<0.001). Analysis of absolute and normalised velocities demonstrated higher and steadier paces in elite races compared to national and sub-elite races (p<0.001). On water, intermediate placements highlighted the great influence of taking the front of the race particularly at the elite level (at the elite level 78% of the winners were first at the middle of the race and 100% were in the first three). A "parabolic-shaped" profile could describe all races but performance level and exercise mode may alter this effort regulation to even (elite races) or positive paces (national and sub-elite indoor races). The even paces reported as the optimal strategy were not observed in lower performance levels probably because of rowers' inability to combine higher physiological effort and technical requirements of on-water rowing. Training exercise may account for these paces differences, according to the athletes' competitive level and to exercise mode.
本研究调查了运动水平和运动方式对赛艇运动员划桨策略的影响。从精英、国家级和次精英竞技水平的个人 2000 米比赛中获得水上和室内分段时间和名次（每 500 米一次）。数据分为室内（n=580）和水上练习（n=507）。无论比赛水平如何，室内和水上的策略都存在统计学差异（p<0.001）。对绝对速度和归一化速度的分析表明，与国家级和次精英级比赛相比，精英级比赛中的步伐更高且更稳定（p<0.001）。在水上，中间名次突出了在比赛中领先的重要性，尤其是在精英级别（在精英级别中，78%的获胜者在比赛中途处于第一位，100%的获胜者在前三位）。所有比赛都可以用“抛物线形”轮廓来描述，但运动水平和运动方式可能会改变这种努力调节，甚至（精英比赛）或积极的步伐（国家级和次精英室内比赛）。在较低的运动水平下，没有观察到报告的均匀步伐，这可能是由于运动员无法将更高的生理努力和水上划船的技术要求结合起来。根据运动员的竞技水平和运动方式，训练练习可能会导致这些步伐差异。
