[Opportunistic infections in HIV/AIDS].

The number of diagnosed AIDS and HIV infection is still increasing year by year in Japan. Therefore, reported annual number of opportunistic infections (OIs) is also increasing. Pneumocystis pneumonia, cytomegalovirus infection, candidiasis, and tuberculosis are the major OIs in Japan. Increment of malignancies such as malignant lymphoma and Kaposi's sarcoma is remarkable in recent years. Although diagnosis and treatment of OIs are almost established, some novel diagnostic tests and treatment option have developed and imploved the clinical outcome of HIV-related OIs. Anti-retroviral therapy (ART) is strongly influenced to the OI threapy in relation to the drug interaction, timing of ART and induction of immunoreconstitution syndrome. Clinicians should consider proper sequence and timing of OI therapy and ART initiation in each case.