Yasuoka Akira
Nagasaki University Hospital, Infection Control and Education Center.
Nihon Rinsho. 2010 Mar;68(3):486-90.
The number of diagnosed AIDS and HIV infection is still increasing year by year in Japan. Therefore, reported annual number of opportunistic infections (OIs) is also increasing. Pneumocystis pneumonia, cytomegalovirus infection, candidiasis, and tuberculosis are the major OIs in Japan. Increment of malignancies such as malignant lymphoma and Kaposi's sarcoma is remarkable in recent years. Although diagnosis and treatment of OIs are almost established, some novel diagnostic tests and treatment option have developed and imploved the clinical outcome of HIV-related OIs. Anti-retroviral therapy (ART) is strongly influenced to the OI threapy in relation to the drug interaction, timing of ART and induction of immunoreconstitution syndrome. Clinicians should consider proper sequence and timing of OI therapy and ART initiation in each case.
在日本，艾滋病和艾滋病毒感染的确诊病例数仍在逐年增加。因此，每年报告的机会性感染（OI）病例数也在增加。肺孢子菌肺炎、巨细胞病毒感染、念珠菌病和结核病是日本主要的机会性感染。近年来，恶性淋巴瘤和卡波西肉瘤等恶性肿瘤的发病率显著上升。尽管机会性感染的诊断和治疗已基本确立，但一些新的诊断测试和治疗方案已经开发出来，并改善了与艾滋病毒相关的机会性感染的临床结局。抗逆转录病毒疗法（ART）在药物相互作用、ART时机和免疫重建综合征的诱导方面对机会性感染治疗有很大影响。临床医生应针对每个病例考虑机会性感染治疗和开始抗逆转录病毒治疗的适当顺序和时机。
