Kuhn M M
Crit Care Nurse. 1991 May;11(5):37-44, 46-51.
The choice of colloid or crystalloid solutions for resuscitation of a patient in shock remains controversial. Colloids quickly restore plasma volume along with stabilizing hemodynamics. Almost the entire volume is retained within the vascular space after 1 hour. However, only 8 percent of infused water and less than 25 percent of infused saline are retained in intravascular fluid compartments after 1 hour. When using crystalloids for resuscitation, two to four times as much fluid is required for fluid repletion. The very young or old or persons with cardiac or renal dysfunction may have an increased risk of developing pulmonary edema when crystalloids are administered.
对于休克患者复苏时胶体液或晶体液的选择仍存在争议。胶体液能迅速恢复血浆容量并稳定血流动力学。1小时后几乎全部容量都保留在血管腔内。然而，1小时后输注的水分中只有8%以及输注的盐水不到25%保留在血管内液腔中。使用晶体液进行复苏时，需要两到四倍的液体量来补充。对于非常年幼或年老的患者或有心脏或肾功能不全的人，使用晶体液时发生肺水肿的风险可能会增加。
